Résumé
Le Conseil Economique et Social des Nations Unies, dans sa résolution du 3 mai 19561) reconnut qu’une conférence gouvernementale sur l’arbitrage ne devait pas se limiter seulement à l’étude de l’exécution des sentences arbitrales. De solides arguments plaident en faveur de ces larges vues. L’arbitrage commercial international ne connaîtra d’extension, qu’à condition que les hommes d’affaires et les juristes des divers pays commerçants soient avertis des principes modernes développés sous leur loi nationale, qu’à condition que les facilités d’arbitrage soient adaptées aux besoins des cercles commerciaux, qu’à condition enfin que l’on connaisse mieux et que l’on pratique plus souvent l’arbitrage commercial.
Abstract
The Economic and Social Council of the United Nations, in its resolution of May 3, 19561), recognized that the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards was not the only issue to be considered by a governmental Conference on international commercial arbitration. There are sound reasons for that broad conception. International commercial arbitration can only develop if businessmen and lawyers in the various trading countries are aware of modern principles evolved under their domestic law, if arbitration facilities are made available and adaptable to the needs of the business community, and if there is more knowledge and use of commercial arbitration.
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Notes
Official Records, Economic and Social Council, 21st Session, Supp. No. 1, p. 5,604 (XXI).
Economic Commission for Europe, Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East, see infra n. 20 and 21; cp. Peter Benjamin, The Work of the Economic Commission for Europe in the Field of International Commercial Arbitration, 7 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 22 (1958).
U.N. File No.: LEG 148/11/02 (1) of May 16, 1957.
For a list of such arbitration agencies, cp. Raffaele Nobili, L’Arbitrato delle Associazioni Commerciali p. 491 (Padova 1957).
U.N. Doc. E/CONF. 26/4 (30 pages).
E/CONF. 26/6 (12 pages).
E/CONF. 26/1.
Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bulgaria, Ceylon, Federal Republic of Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Laos, Netherlands, Norway, Philippines, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukranian Soviet Socialist Republic, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom, United States of America; and also representatives of the International Chamber of Commerce, International Law Association, International Association of Legal Science and the Inter-American Council of Commerce and Industry.
Chairman: Constantin Ramos (Argentina); Vice-Chairman: Toshio Urabe (Japan) Rapporteur: Edmund F. Becker (United States of America).
E/CONF. 26/C/2/S[ummary] R[ecords] 1 to 5.
U.S.A. draft recommendations E/CONF. 26/C.2/L.2 and 3.
Par. 25, supra n. 6.
Italian draft recommendation, E/CONF. 26/C.2/L. 1.
The three draft recommendations were withdrawn on June 6, 1958; E/CONF. 26/C. 2/SR. 5, p. 3.
By a vote of 35 in favor, none against and one abstention (Belgium which considered the recommendation as going beyond the terms of reference of the Conference), E/GONF. 26/G.2/SR. 5, p. 5. For text of Resolution p. 289.
E/GONF. 26/G.2/L. 4.
E/GONF. 26/9/Rev. 1.
Commercial Arbitration Throughout the World (1949), with Supplements 1951 and 1958.
International Commercial Arbitration, vol. 1 (1956), this vol. 2 (1960).
Handbook of National and International Institutions Active in the Field of International Commercial Arbitration, Trade W[orking] P[arty] 1/15.
Cp. final version, of December 3, 1958, Trade/WP 1/Rev. 1., five volumes, 621 p.
See this writer’s review of the publication supra n. 18, in 15 [Rabel’s] Zeitschrift fuer auslaendisches und internationales Privatrecht 588 (1949) and 24 Trade/WP 1/Rev. 1., five volumes, 592 (1959).
Cp. “International Trade Arbitration: A Road to World-Wide Cooperation” (ed. by Martin Domke) New York 1958.
With the American Arbitration Association (as revised 1946) and the Inter-American Commercial Arbitration Commission; see Rules of Conciliation and Arbitration ICC, in force on 1st June, 1955, p. 4.
With the International Chamber of Commerce, the London Court of Arbitration, the Manchester Chamber of Commerce, the Associated Chambers of Commerce of Australia, the Association of Chambers of Commerce and Industry of the Union of South Africa, the Netherlands Arbitration Institute, the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association, the Madras Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the Bengal Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry, and the Federation of Chambers of Commerce and Industries, Pakistan.
With the International Chamber of Commerce and the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association.
With the American Arbitration Association, the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry, the All Union Chamber of Commerce in Moscow, published in the Japanese Annual of International Law, No. 1 p. 167 (1957), and the Inter-American Commercial Arbitration Commission, see Quarterly of the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association, No. 1 vol. 2 p. 2 (1959).
With the American Arbitration Association and the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association.
Now edited by A. S. Fransen van de Putte and H. Luijken, the February 1960 issue being No. 470.
A quarterly published by the American Arbitration Association since 1937.
A quarterly published by the French Comité de l’Arbitrage since 1955.
A monthly covering arbitration under its revised title since 1955.
E.g. Semaine Juridique Juris Classeur (France), The Journal of Business Law (England), Neue Juristische Wochenschrift (Germany).
As e.g. in China, see Wei Wen-Han, China Trade Arbitration Association, 3 Arb. J. (N.S.) 86 (1948), and in Formosa: The Commercial Arbitration Association of the Republic of China (1955); the Japan Commercial Arbitration Association (1950) and the Associazione Italiana per l’Arbitrato, established on October 16, 1958. Cp. also, Deutscher Ausschuss für Schiedsgerichtswesen, Aussenwirtschaftsdienst 1958, p. 28.
E/CONF. 26/C.2/SR. 6, p. 5.
Cp. Lazare Kopelmanas, Quelques Problèmes Récents de l’Arbitrage Commercial International, 10 Revue Trimesterielle de Droit Commercial 879 (1957).
D. J. Schottelius, Die Internationale Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit 70 (1957).
A specific problem would be whether facilities for international commercial arbitration are confined to the use of members of the organization (trade association, commodity exchange) or also available to other parties to arbitration agreements, especially those in foreign countries.
Traduction: Un problème spécifique serait si les moyens d’arbitrage international commercial sont réservés aux membres de l’organisation (association de commerce, bourse de commerce) ou s’ils sont aussi ouverts aux autres parties adhérentes aux conventions arbitrales, notamment aux étrangers.
See for recent new co-operation arrangements between ICC and AAA: ICC News vol. XXIV No. 7 (October 1958) p. 2, and AAA Arbitration News No. 8, 1958, p.l.
E/CONF.26/C.2/SR.5,p.3.
Report of the Forty-Fourth Conference Copenhagen p. 271 (1950).
41a) Report of the Forty-Eight Conference New York p. 415 (1958).
Cp. Harry Motulsky, La capacité de compromettre des Etablissements publics à caractère commercial, Revue de l’Arbitrage 1958 p. 39.
“That the machinery of commercial arbitration within the Western Hemisphere may also be used for disputes between individuals and foreign governments in matters in which those governments participate directly or through their agencies and corporations in international trade”.
Traduction: “Que l’instrument de l’arbitrage commercial dans le hémisphère occidental peut aussi servir pour les différends entre particuliers et gouvernements étrangers dans les cas où ces gouvernements participent, directement ou par leurs agences et organisations, au commerce international”.
“The International Law Association recommends the intensive development and use of international commercial arbitration for the settlement of disputes, including those between governments and agencies and government-controlled corporations and private persons of different countries”.
The International Chamber of Commerce recommends governments, governmental agencies and government-controlled corporations to insert in their contracts with private individuals and firms of another country an arbitration clause providing for the settlement of possible disputes by recourse to existing organizations of international commercial arbitration.
Traduction: La Chambre de Commerce Internationale recommande aux gouvernements, aux agences gouvernementaux et aux sociétés étatisées d’insérer dans leurs contrats avec les particuliers et sociétés privées étrangères, une clause arbitrale prévoyante la solution de différends par les moyens des institutions existantes d’arbitrage international commercial.
Supra n. 6, par. 14, p. 6.
Supra n. 6, par. 17, p. 7.
Atti del Convegno Internazionale per la Riforma dell’Arbitrate Sotto il Patronato del Ministerio Italiano degli Affari Esteri (Milano, 1955).
On the arbitration colloquium, see Notes by Clive M. Schmitthoff in 7 International and Comparative Law Quarterly 591 (1958) and in The Journal of Business Law 1958, p. 146.
See Martin Domke, Arbitration of State Trading Relations, 24 Law and Contemporary Problems 317 (1959).
Supra n.6, par.20, p.8.
Resolution XLI; see Francis Kellor: Inter-American Commercial Arbitration, 78 Bulletin of the Pan American Union 218 (1944).
Resolution VIII, Final Act of the Third Meeting of the Inter-American Council of Jurists, p. 23 (Pan American Union 1956, CIJ-29).
Rightly the British representatives considered as an urgent problem in arbitration “educating business men in the spirit and practice of arbitration — a necessarily slow process”, E/CONF. 26/C.2/SR. 2, p. 4.
“Bar, Bench & Table, An Arbitral Drama”, by Alfred B. Carb and Albert I. Edelman, presented at the 1957 New York Conference of the American Bar Association, text in 13 The Business Lawyer 27 (1958); and in a revised version, at the Miami 1959 Conference of the Inter-American Bar Association.
Cp. The Lawyer and Arbitration (22 p., New York 1958; American Arbitration Association).
Conférence sur l’Arbitrage Commercial International. Compte rendu des séances 62 p. (ICC, 1946).
Proceedings of the International Trade Arbitration Conference, March 23, 1955 (76 p., New York 1955).
Draft Uniform Law on Arbitration in respect of International Relations of Private Law and Explanatory Report. U.P.I. (1954) Draft III(3), 68 p.
Recommendation 156 (1958) of the Consultative Assembly, on arbitration procedure in respect of international relations of private law, Doc. 769, Report of the Legal Committee (Rapporteur: M. Wahl); Committee of Experts [on the draft of a European Convention on Arbitration], Doc. S & P/Arb. (58) 3, of October 14, 1958.
Doc. Trade/76. Trade W[orking] P[arty] 1/28, of October 28, 1958.
Inter-American Bar Association, Proceedings of the Ninth Conference 88, 292 (1956).
The Uniform Arbitration Act has become law in 1957 in the State of Minnesota, Chapter 633 of the Laws of 1957, and also in Florida, Chapt. 57–402 of the Florida Statutes 1957, and Wyoming, Laws 1959, Chapt. 119.
Supra n. 16.
U.N. Doc. E/3211, of February 17, 1959.
E/SR 1059, of April 21, 1959, and 1060, of April 22, 1959.
Resolution 708 (XXVII), E/3262; text also in 14 Arbitration Journal 144 (1959).
E/L/823/Rev. 1, of April 16, 1959. The U.S.S.R. delegate took objection to references to “investment” in the preambles, a point which was accepted by other delegations. The expression was changed to “private law transactions” (E/SR 1059 p. 14, 1060 p. 7, 11).
E/SR. 1059, p. 6.
E/SR. 1059, p. 11.
E/SR. 1059, p. 13.
E/SR 1060, p. 5.
E/SR 1060, p. 9.
E/SR 1060, p. 11.
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© 1960 Martinus Nijboff, The Hague, Netherlands
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Domke, M. (1960). Mesures Possibles pour Developper l’Efficacite de l’Arbitrage Commercial International. In: Arbitrage International Commercial / International Commercial Arbitration. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-3696-7_14
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