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Birds as Monitors of Environmental Change pp 42–85Cite as

Environmental changes

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Abstract

In one sense the term ‘environment’ represents all elements of the biosphere, but it is often of more use in the narrower sense of those parts or attributes of a habitat that are functionally significant during all or part of an organism’s life. All living organisms have a range of tolerance for each environmental factor, though the limits and the optimum may vary between individuals and populations as well as between species. They may vary according to life stage or reproductive condition and because of interaction with other environmental factors. It is to environmental factors that populations and species respond, either through evolutionary change or through phenotypic plasticity. The response persists (and the population or species succeeds) where this has led to continued, indeed often enhanced, efficiency in utilizing the environment.

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Authors
  1. P. J. Jarvis
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  1. Applied Ornithology Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Glasgow, UK

    R. W. Furness

  2. British Trust for Ornithology, The Nunnery, Nunnery Place, IP24 2PU, Thetford, Norfolk, UK

    J. J. D. Greenwood

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Jarvis, P.J. (1993). Environmental changes. In: Furness, R.W., Greenwood, J.J.D. (eds) Birds as Monitors of Environmental Change. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-1322-7_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-1322-7_2

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