Abstract
The development, present position and future tasks of studies in Hungary in the sociology of law can only be properly appreciated if one understands the implications of many other attendant factors. These belong in part to the socialist character of the organisation of society and the state in Hungary, in which the legal sciences and sociology rest upon the theoretical basis of Marxism, and in part to the special characteristics of the evolution of society and the sciences in Hungary, whose effects are equally apparent both in the legal sciences and sociology.
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References
See Agost Pulszky, Theory of Law and Civil Society, London, 1888.
Henry James Sumner Maine, A fog öskora, translation, introduction and notes by Agost Pulszky, Budapest, 1875.
On this subject, see, for greater detail, Kâlmân Kulesâr, A jogszociológia problémdi, (“Problems of the sociology of law”), Budapest, 1960, Ch. I.
See, for example, Imre Szabó, A burzsoa dllam-ds jogbölcselet Magyarorszdgon (“The bourgeois philosophy of the law and the state in Hungary”), Budapest, 1955, p. 393 et seq.; Vilmos Peschka, “A magyar magânjog-tudomâny jogbölcseleti alapjai” “(The bases of philosophy of law in the Hungarian science of private law”), Bulletin of the Institute of Juridical and Political Sciences, Budapest, 1959, pages 64–7.
Jacques Leclercq, Du droit naturel à la sociologie, Paris, 1960, Vol. II, p. 109 et seq.
Lipót Kovacs, A szocializmus hatdta magànjogra, (“The influence of socialism on private law”), Budapest, 1906, p. 32.
For greater detail on this theme, see K. Kulcsdr, “A népi jog és a nemzeti jog” (“Popular law and national law”), Bulletin of the Institute of Juridical and Political Sciences, 1961, Nos. I & 2. György Bonis, “Magyar népi jog” (“Hungarian popular law”), Magyar Szemle (Hungarian Review“), 1939, p. 121.
See, for example, René Maunier, “Folklore juridique, ”Archives de philosophie du droit et de sociologie juridique, 1937 Nos. 3 & 4; also E. Kuenssberg, Rechtliche Volkskunde, Halle 1936, etc.
After 1940, every worthwhile approach in terms of juridical politics disappeared with the true scholars of popular juridical customs such as György Bónis, Lâszló Pap, Ernö PârkânySziics, etc. The research tasks, detached from ethnology, entered into a closer relationship with the history of law on the assumption that the norms contained in popular juridical usages themselves are historical monuments of ancient law. In particular, the governing authorities referred to studies of popular law and to the popular conception of law, in support of their own political objectives.
Roscoe Pound, An Introduction to the Philosophy of Law,New York, 1954, P. 3.
For a study, in matters of principle, of the connections between sociological, political and dogmatic conceptions in the science of law, see Guyla Eörsi: `Tulajdonosok` és kollektivâk jogâgazatai: Differenciâlódâs és integrâlódâs a szocialista jogrendszerben“ (”Legal aspects of landlords and collectives. Differentiation and integration in the socialist legal system“), Report of the Session of historical and social sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1963, Nos. I & 2, p. 71 et seq.
In this branch of the law a principal position is occupied by the sociological problems of the administrative organs, and those of their management. In regard to the possibilities of sociological research into such organs see K. Kulcsdr, “Az âllamigazgatâsi szervek szociológiai vizsgâlatânak lehetöségei” (“The possibilities of a sociological analysis of the organs of public administration”), Allam és Igazgatds (“State and Administration”), 1965.
On this point see M. Vermes, “Some Questions of Principle and Methodogy in Criminological Research,” Acta Juridica, 1963, and A. Szabó, “The Questions of Principle of Basic Criminological Researches,” Acta Juridica, 1965, Nos. 1 & a.
K. Kulcsâr, “A jogszociológia problémdi” (op. cit.). A summary in English of this work, edited by the author, maybe seen in “Some Problems of the Sociology of Law”, Acta Juridica, 1961, pages 227–38.
K. Kulcsâr, A jog nevelö szerepe a szocialista tdrsadal-omban (“The educational role of law in the Socialist society”), Budapest, 1961. For a summary in English of the work, edited by the author, see, “The Educational Role of Law in the Socialist Society,” Acta Juridica, 1962, pages 393–400.
At the time of the English Translation of this paper, the first phase of the statistical and theoretical evaluation of the date collected by this research had been finished. The first study of this material (“A research into the knowledge of legal norms”) was published in Jogtudomíany%Közlöny (Law Journal), 1967. The whole material of this research-tabulations with an introductory paper — will be published in the near future.
Philip Selznick, “The Sociology of Law,” in Sociology today. Problems and Prospects, edited by R. K. Merton, L. Broom and L. S. Cottrell, New York, 1960, p. 117.
J. C. Wahlke, H. Eulau, W. Buchanan and L. S. Ferguson, The Legislative System. Exploration in Legislative Behaviour, New York and London, 1962.
For a detailed criticism of the theoretical concepts of Talcott Parsons, see K. Kulcsâr: A szociológiai gondolkodds fejlödése (The Development of Sociological Thought), Budapest, 1966, pages 345–353.
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Kulcsár, K. (1968). Studies in the Sociology of Law in Hungary. In: Treves, R., van Loon, J.F.G. (eds) Norms and Actions. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-0790-5_6
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