Abstract
Technical developments have allowed large numbers of measurements of the extent of digestion and synthesis in the rumen to be made in the past 20 y. The vast majority have been obtained from sheep fed at intakes close to maintenance. Attention has tended to be focussed on high-forage diets and these have often been offered in several small meals over the day in order to reduce technical problems of measuring digestion.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Allen, S. A. and Miller, E. L. (1976). Determination of nitrogen requirement for microbial growth from the effect of urea supplementation of a low-N diet on abomasal N flow and N recycling in wethers and lambs. Br. J. Nutr., 36, 353–368
Annison, E. F., Bickerstaffe, R. and Linzell, J. L. (1974). Glucose and fatty acid metabolism in cows producing milk of low fat content. J. Agric. Sci., Cambridge, 82, 87–95
Balch, C. C. (1958). Observations on the act of eating in cattle. Br. J. Nutr., 12, 330–345.
Balch, C. C., Balch, D., Bartlett, S., Bartrum, M. P., Johnson, V. W., Rowland, S. J. and Turner, J. (1955). Studies on the secretion of milk of low fat content by cows on diets low in hay and high in concentrates. 6. The effect on the physical and biochemical processes in the reticulo-rumen. J. Dairy Res., 22, 270–289
Balch, C. C. and Campling, R. C. (1965). Rate of passage of digesta through the ruminant digestive tract. In R. Dougherty (ed.) Physiology of Digestion in the Ruminant, pp. 108–123. (Washington: Butterworths)
Bath, I. H. and Rook, J. A. F. (1963). The evaluation of cattle foods and diets in terms of the ruminal concentration of volatile fatty acids. 1. The effects of level of intake, frequency of feeding, the ratio of hay to concentrates in the diet, and of supplementary feeds. J. Agric. Sci., Cambridge,61, 341–348
Bauman, D. E., Davis, C. L. and Bucholtz, H. F. (1971). Propionate production in the rumen of cows fed either a control or high-grain, low-fibre diet. J. Dairy Sci., 54, 1282–1287
Bauman, D. E., Davis, C. L., Frobish, R. A. and Sachan, D. S. (1971). Evaluation of polyethylene glycol method in determining rumen fluid volume in dairy cows fed different diets. J. Dairy Sci., 54, 928–930
Bines, J. A. and Davey, A. W. F. (1970). Voluntary intake, digestion, rate of passage, amount of material in the alimentary tract, and behaviour in cows receiving complete diets containing straw and concentrates in different proportions. Br. J. Nutr.,24, 1013–1028
Broster, W. H., Sutton, J. D. and Bines, J. A. (1978). Concentrate: forage ratios for high-yielding dairy cows. In W. Haresign and D. Lewis (eds.) Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition, pp. 99–126. (London: Butterworths)
Brumby, P. E., Storry, J. E., Sutton, J. D. and Oldham, J. D. (1979). Fatty acid digestion and utilisation by dairy cows. Ann. Réch. Vét.,10,317–319
Cole, N. A., Johnson, R. R. and Owens, F. N. (1976). Influence of roughage level on the site and extent of digestion of whole shelled corn by beef steers. J. Anim. Sci.,43, 483–489
Cole, N. A., Johnson, R. R. and Owens, F. N. (1976). Influence of roughage level and corn processing method on the site and extent of digestion by beef steers. J. Anim. Sci., 43, 490–496
Czerkawski, J. (1978). Re-assessment of efficiency of synthesis of microbial matter in the rumen. J. Dairy Sci., 61, 1261–1273
Czerkawski, J., Christie, W. W., Breckenridge, G. and Hunter, M. L. (1975). Changes in the rumen metabolism of sheep given increasing amounts of linseed oil in their diet. Br. J. Nutr., 34, 25–44
Davis, C. L. (1967). Acetate production in the rumen of cows fed either control or low-fibre, high-grain diets. J. Dairy Sci., 50, 1621–1625
Demeyer, D. L., Henderson, C. and Prins, R. A. (1978). Relative significance of exogenous and de novo synthesized fatty acids in the formation of rumen microbial lipids in vitro. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 35, 24–31
Demeyer, D. I. and Van Nevel, C. J. (1975). Methanogenesis and its control. In I. W. McDonald and A. C. I. Warner (eds.) Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant, pp. 366–382. (Armidale: Univ. New Engl.)
Devendra, C. and Lewis, D. (1974). The interaction between dietary lipids and fibre in the sheep. 4. Duodenal studies. Malaysian Agric. Res., 3, 228–241
Drennan, M. J., Holmes, J. H. G. and Garrett, W. N. (1970). A comparison of markers for estimating magnitude of rumen digestion. Br. J. Nutr., 24, 961–970
Eadie, J. M., Hyldgaard-Jensen, J., Mann, S. O., Reid, R. S. and Whitelaw, F. G. (1970). Observations on the microbiology and biochemistry of the rumen in cattle given different quantities of a pelleted barley ration. Br. J. Nutr., 24, 157–177
Eng, K. S., Riewe, M. E., Craig, J. H. and Smith, J. C. (1964). Rate of passage of concentrate and roughage through the digestive tract of sheep. J. Anim. Sci., 23, 1129–1132
Faichney, G. J. and Griffiths, D. A. (1978). Behaviour of solute and particle markers in the stomach of sheep given a concentrate diet. Br. J. Nutr., 40, 71–82
Gray, F. V., Weiler, R. A., Pilgrim, F. V. and Jones, G. B. (1966). The rates of production of volatile fatty acids in the rumen. 3. Measurement of production in vivo by two isotope dilution procedures. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 17, 69–80
Grovum, W. L. and Phillips, G. D. (1973). Rate of passage of digesta in sheep. 5. Theoretical considerations based on a physical model and computer simulation. Br. J. Nutr., 30, 377–390
Grovum, W. L. and Williams, V. J. (1977). Rate of passage of digesta in sheep. 6. The effect of the level of food intake on mathematical predictions of the kinetics of digesta in the reticulorumen and intestines. Br. J. Nutr., 38, 425–436
Harrison, D. and McAllan, A. B. (1980). Factors affecting microbial growth yields in the reticulo-rumen. This symposium. Chapter 10, 205–226
Jensen, K. and Wolstrup, J. (1977). Effect of feeding frequency on fermentation pattern and microbial activity in the bovine rumen. Acta Vet. Scand., 18, 108–121
Kaufmann, W. (1973). Zum Einfluss höherer Fütterungsfrequenz auf die Fermentation in den Vormägen und die Leistung bei Milchkühen. Kieler Milchwirtschaftliche Forschungsberichte, 25, 245–250
Kaufmann, W. and Hagemeister, H. (1974). Der Einfluss der Zusammensetzung und Struktur der Ration auf die Verdauung der Energie in Vormägen und Darm. In K. H. Menke, H. J. Lantzsch and J. R. Reichl (eds.) Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals pp. 107–110. (Stuttgart: Universität Hohenheim)
Knight, R., Sutton, J. D., McAllan, A. B. and Smith, R. H. (1978). The effect of dietary lipid supplementation on digestion and synthesis in the stomach of sheep. Proc. Nutr. Soc., 37, 14A
Knight, R., Sutton, J. D. and Storry, J. E. (1977). Dietary lipid supplementation and the flow of fatty acids to the duodenum of sheep. Proc. Nutr. Soc., 36, 69A
Knight, R., Sutton, J. D., Storry, J. E. and Brumby, P. E. (1979). Rumen microbial synthesis of long-chain fatty acids. Proc. Nutr. Soc., 38, 4A
Leng, R. A. (1970). Formation and production of volatile fatty acids in the rumen. In A. T. Phillipson (ed.) Physiology of Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant, pp. 406–421. (Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Oriel Press)
Leng, R. A. and Brett, D. J. (1966). Simultaneous measurements of the rates of production of acetic, propionic and butyric acids in the rumen of sheep on different diets and the correlation between production rates and concentrations of these acids in the rumen. Br. J. Nutr., 20, 541–552
Mercer, J. R., Møller, P. D., Hvelplund, T. and Jensen, K. (1977). The effect of feeding frequency on propionic acid production rate and energy fermentation in the bovine rumen after feeding silage. Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen. Yearbook, pp. 85–97
Morant, S. V., Ridley, J. L. and Sutton, J. D. (1978). A model for the estimation of volatile fatty acid production in the rumen in non-steady-state conditions. Br. J. Nutr., 39,451–462
Murray, R. M., Bryant, A. M. and Leng, R. A. (1978). Methane production in the rumen and lower gut of sheep given lucerne chaff. Effect of level of intake. Br. J. Nutr., 39, 337–345
Nicholson, J. W. G. and Sutton, J. D. (1969). Effect of diet composition and level of feeding on digestion in the stomach and intestines of sheep. Br. J. Nutr., 23, 585–601
Oldham, J. D., Sutton, J. D. and McAllan, A. B. (1979). Protein digestion and utilization by dairy cows. Ann. Réch. Vét., 10, 290–293
Ørskov, E. R., Fräser, C. and McDonald, I. (1972). Digestion of concentrates in sheep. 4. The effects of urea on digestion, nitrogen retention and growth in young lambs. Br. J. Nutr., 27, 491–501
Oshio, S., Tahata, I., Kobayashi, H. and Ami, T. (1977). Volatile fatty acids production in the rumen of young heifers given diets containing a large proportion of concentrate. Jpn. J. Zootech. Sci., 48, 545–553
Outen, G. E., Beever, D. E., Osbourn, D. F. and Thomson, D. J. (1975). The digestion of the lipids of processed red clover by sheep. J. Sci. Food Agric., 26, 1381–1389
Paloheimo, L. and Mäkelä, A. (1959). Further studies on the retention time of food in the digestive tract of cows. Acta Agric. Fenniae, 94, 15–39
Phillipson, A. T. and Ash, R. (1965). Physiological mechanisms affecting the flow of digesta in ruminants. In R. Dougherty (ed.) Physiology of Digestion in the Ruminant, pp. 97–107. (Washington: Butterworths)
Poutiainen, E. (1968). Factors influencing the flow of fluid, saliva and some cations through the reticulo-omasal orifice of the cow. Ann. Agric. Fenniae, 7 (Suppl.) 3
Roy, J. H. B., Balch, C. C., Miller, E. L., Ørskov, E. R. and Smith, R. H. (1977). Calculation of the N requirements for ruminants from nitrogen metabolism. In Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, pp. 126–129. (Wageningen: Pudoc)
Shellenberger, P. R. and Kesler, E. M. (1961). Rate of passage of feeds through the digestive tract of Holstein cows. J. Animal Sci., 20, 416–419
Sutton, J. D. (1976). Energy supply from the digestive tract of cattle. In H. Swan and W. H. Broster (eds.) Principles of Cattle Production, pp.121–143. (London: Butterworths)
Sutton, J. D. (1979). Carbohydrate fermentation in the rumen - variations on a theme. Proc. Nutr. Soc., 38, 275–281
Sutton, J. D., Broster, W. H., Schuller, E., Smith, T. and Napper, D. J. (1977). Long- term effect of level of intake and diet composition on the performance of Iactating dairy cows. 3. Milk composition and rumen fermentation. Proc. Nutr. Soc., 36, 147A
Sutton, J. D. and Morant, S. V. (1978). Measurement of the rate of volatile fatty acid production in the rumen. In D. F. Osbourn, D. E. Beever and D. J. Thomson (eds.) Ruminant Digestion and Feed Evaluation, pp. 7.1–7.10. (London: Agric. Res. Council)
Sutton, J. D. and Oldham, J. D. (1977). Feed evaluation by measurement of sites of digestion in cannulated ruminants. Proe. Nutr. Soc., 36, 203–209
Sutton, J. D., Oldham, J. D. and Hart, I. C. (1980). Products of digestion, hormones and energy utilization in milking cows given concentrates containing varying proportions of barley or maize. In Proc. 8th EAAP Energy Symposium. (In press). (London: Butterworths)
Sutton, J. D. and Schuller, E. (1974). Rate of production of volatile fatty acids in the rumen of milking cows. Proe. Nutr. Soc., 33, 100A
Sutton, J. D., Smith, R. H., McAllan, A. B., Storry, J. E. and Corse, D. A. (1975). Effects of variations in dietary protein and of supplements of cod-liver oil on energy digestion and microbial synthesis in the rumen of sheep fed hay and concentrates. J. Agric. Sci., Cambridge, 84, 317–326
Tamminga, S. (1975). The influence of the method of preservation of forages on the digestion in dairy cows. 2. Digestion of organic matter, energy and amino acids in forestomachs and intestines. Neth. J. Agric. Sci., 23, 89–103
Tamminga, S. (1978). Measurement of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. In D. F. Osbourn, D. E. Beever and D. J. Thomson (eds.) Ruminant Digestion and Feed Evaluation, pp. 5.1–5.11. (London: Agric. Res. Council)
Thompson, F. (1973). The effect of frequency of feeding on the flow and composition of duodenal digesta in sheep given straw-based diets. Br. J. Nutr., 30, 87–94
Thompson, J. L., Robinson, J. J. and McHattie, I. (1978). An effect of physiological state on digestion in the ewe. Proc. Nutr. Soc., 37, 71A
Van Soest, P. J. (1975). Physico-chemical aspects of fibre digestion. In I. W. McDonald and A. C. I. Warner (eds.) Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant, pp. 351–365. (Armidale: Univ. New Engl.)
Van’t Klooster, A.Th. and Rogers, P. A. M. (1969). Observations on the digestion and absorption of food along the gastro-intestinal tract of fistulated cows. Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool, Wageningen, 69-11, 3–19
Verma, D. N., Singh, U. B., Mehra, U. R. and Varma, A. (1978). A note on the relationship between the production rates of volatile fatty acids and their concentration, digestible organic matter, and total digestible nutrient intake in buffalo calves. Livestock Prod. Sci, 5, 253–263
Waldo, D. R. (1973). Extent and partition of cereal grain starch digestion in ruminants. J. Anim. Sci., 37, 1062–1074
Warner, A. C. I. and Stacy, B. D. (1968). The fate of water in the rumen. 1. A critical appraisal of the use of soluble markers. Br. J. Nutr., 22, 369–387
Warner, A. C. I. and Stacy, B. D. (1968). The fate of water in the rumen. 2. Water balances throughout the feeding cycle in sheep. Br. J. Nutr., 22, 389–410
Watson, M. J., Savage, G. P. and Armstrong, D. G. (1972). Sites of disappearance of apparently digestible energy and apparently digestible nitrogen in the digestive tract of cows receiving dried grass-concentrate diets. Proc. Nutr. Soc., 31, 98A
Weston, R. H. and Hogan, J. P. (1968). The digestion of pasture plants by sheep. 1. Ruminal production of volatile fatty acids by sheep offered diets of ryegrass and forage oats. Aust. J. Agric. Res., 19, 419–432
Yost, W. M., Young, J. W., Schmidt, S. P. and McGilliard, A. D. (1977). GIuconeogenesis in ruminants. Propionic acid production from a high-grain diet fed to cattle. J. Nutr., 107, 2036–2043
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1980 MTP Press Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sutton, J.D. (1980). Digestion and end-product formation in the rumen from production rations. In: Ruckebusch, Y., Thivend, P. (eds) Digestive Physiology and Metabolism in Ruminants. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-8067-2_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-8067-2_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-011-8069-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-8067-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive