Abstract
Steroid receptor proteins are generally characterized by their ability to bind to their respective steroids with high affinity and limited capacity. The binding of steroid to the receptor is a highly specific event with respect to both the tissue and the ligand. Thus a steroid receptor can be demonstrated by its binding to a specific radioligand and the subsequent separation of the radiolabelled steroid receptor complex from other non-receptor binding components. In order to detect the receptor, it is, therefore, essential to use a specific radioligand which exhibits high affinity towards the receptor and to employ appropriate techniques to separate the receptor from the other non-receptor components. The initial qualitative demonstration of a steroid receptor encompasses several criteria which include tissue and ligand specificity of the receptor, the binding affinity and saturability of the receptor to the radioligand, and finally the physicochemical characters of the receptor protein such as molecular weight, sedimentation constant, precipitability with polycations such as protamine sulphate, thermolability and isoelectric point. Having established these criteria, the quantitative evaluation of the receptor content in the tissue can then be made. The quantitation of the receptor, particularly in some malignant tumours, is of great importance as a diagnostic tool in distinguishing a hormone responsive tumour from a non-responsive one. With regard to the prostate, as the growth and functional activity of this gland is dependent upon testicular hormones, the qualitative and quantitative assessment of steroid receptors and, in particular, those for androgens has attracted the attention of several research laboratories. Although the fundamental approach in terms of methodological requirements for steroid receptor analysis in this gland has followed the same path as that used for other target organs, progress with regard to the human prostate and its tumours has proved to be exceedingly slow. This has been mainly due to the complex nature of the tissue, the presence of high levels of enzymic activity and the existence of other high affinity steroid binding components which interfered with the detection of receptors in this gland. It is therefore essential that techniques which are to be used for the characterization and quantitation of steroid receptors in this gland are capable of resolving these problems. This chapter examines the suitability of a number of available techniques which have been used for the analysis of steroid receptors and their potential application to the characterization and measurement of steroid receptors in the normal prostate and its tumours.
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Ghanadian, R., Auf, G. (1983). Analysis of steroid receptors in the prostate. In: Ghanadian, R. (eds) The Endocrinology of Prostate Tumours. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7256-1_8
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