Abstract
There has been a recent increase in awareness of the importance of nutritional support in clinical practice and the methods available for the provision of such care. Parenteral nutrition is important in patients unable to be fed by the oral route, while elemental and supplemental diets are of great value when a patient can satisfactorily accept nutrition by mouth. Irrespective of the method used it is important that accurate assessment of the patient’s nutritional status should precede therapy, and that a serial assessment of the response to feeding should be available. Frequently this is not the case, and as a result nutritional therapy is used in an uncontrolled manner with often erroneous clinical impressions of depletion or improvement.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Behnke, A. R. (1953). The relation of lean body mass to metabolism and some consequent systématisations. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 56, 1095
Moore, F. D., Oleson, K. H., McMurray, J. D., Parker, H. V., Ball, M. R. and Boyden, C. M. (1963). The Body Cell Mass and its Supporting Environment. (Philadelphia: Saunders.)
Schlundt, H., Barker, H. H. and Flinn, F. B. (1929). First measurements of body radioactivity in vivo. Metabolism, 5, 468
Sievert, R. M. (1951). Measurements of gamma radiation from the body. Arch. Fysik, 2, 337
Burch, P. R. J. and Speirs, F. W. (1953). Measurement of gamma radiation from the human body. Nature (Lond.), 172, 519
Miller, C. E. (1962). An experimental evaluation of multiple crystal arrays and single crystal techniques. Proceedings of the Symposium on Whole Body Counting, pp. 81–120. (Vienna: I.A.E.A.)
Warner, G. T. and Oliver, R. (1966). A whole body counter for clinical measurements utilising the shadow shield technique. Phys. Med. Biol., 11 (No. 1), 83
Burkinshaw, L. (1967). Measurement of body potassium calibration and inter comparison of two whole body radiation counters. Phys. Med. Biol., 12, 477
Boddy, K., King, P. C., Tothill, P. and Strong, J. A. (1971). Measurement of total body potassium with a shadow shield whole body counter: calibration and errors. Phys. Med. Biol., 16, 275
Fischer, R. A. (1925). Statistical Methods for Research Workers. 1st Ed. (Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd)
Evans, R. D. (1937). Radium poisoning. The quantitative determination of the radium content and the radium elimination rate in living persons. Am. J. Roent., 37, 368
Speirs, F. W. (1962). Whole Body Counting: An Introductory Review, p. 3. (Vienna: International Atomic Energy Authority)
Hawkins, T. and Goode, A. W. (1976). The determination of total body potassium using a whole body monitor. Phys. Med. Biol., 21, (No. 3), 293
Kessler, W. V., Ziemer, P. L., Christian, F. E. and Shaw, S. M. (1968). A 4π liquid scintillation whole body counter—I. Design, operating characteristics and calibration. Int. J. Appl. Radiation Isotopes, 19, 287
Johny, K. V., Worthley, B. W., Lawrence, J. R. and O’Halloran, M. W. (1970). A whole body counter for serial studies of total body potassium. Clin. Sci., 39, 319
Anderson, C. E. (1965). Determination of body potassium by 4Ï€ gamma counting. Second Symposium. Radioactivity in Man, p. 211. (Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas)
Oberhausen, F. and Onstead, C. O. (1965). Relationship of potassium content of man with age and sex. Radioactivity in man, pp. 179–185. (Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas)
Novak, P. L. (1972). Ageing, total body potassium, fat free mass and cell mass in males and females between ages 18 and 85 years. J. Gerontol., 27 (No. 4), 438
Boddy, K., King, P. C., Hume, R. and Weyers, E. (1972). The relation of total body potassium to height, weight and age in normal adults. J. Clin. Pathol., 25, 512
Delwaide, P. A. (1973). Body potassium measurements by whole body counting: screening patient population. J. Nucl. Med., 14, 40
Ellis, K. J., Shukla, K. K., Cohn, S. H. and Pierson, R. N. (1974). A predictor for total body potassium in man based on height, weight, sex and age: applications in metabolic disorders. J. Lab. Clin. Med., 83 (No. 5), 716
Corsa, L., Olney, J. M., Stenburg, R. W., Ball, M. R. and Moore, F. D. (1950). The measurement of exchangeable potassium in man by isotope dilution. J. Clin. Invest., 29, 1280
Remenchick, A. P. and Miller, C. E. (1962). The measurement of total body potassium in man and its relation to gross body composition. Proceedings of Symposium on Whole Body Counting, p. 331. (Vienna: I.A.E.A.)
Talso, P. J., Miller, C. E., Carballo, A. J. and Vasquez, I. (1960). Exchangeable potassium as a parameter of body composition. Metabolism, 9, 456
Boddy, K., King, P. C. and Davies, L. D. (1973). The relationship between total body potassium and exchangeable body potassium measured at 24 hours and 44 hours after administration of 43K. Eur. J. Clin. Invest., 3, 188
Surveyor, I. and Hughes, D. (1968). Discrepancies between whole body potassium content and exchangeable potassium. J. Lab. Clin. Med., 71, 464
Boddy, K., King, P. C., Lindsay, R. M., Winchester, J. and Kennedy, A. C. (1972). Exchangeable and total body potassium in patients with chronic renal failure. Br. Med. J., 15 (No. 1), 140
Crooks, J., Bluhm, M. M. and Muldowney, F. P. (1959). The interrelationship between total exchangeable sodium, potassium, and chloride, and lean body mass in man. Clin. Sci., 18, 175
MacGillivray, I., Buchanan, T. J. and Billewicz, W. Z. (1960). Values of total exchangeable sodium and potassium in normal females based on weight, height and age. Clin. Sci., 19, 17
Rathbun, E. N. and Pace, N. (1945). Studies on body composition. 1. The determination of total body fat by means of the body specific gravity. J. Biol. Chem., 158, 667
Hume, R. and Weyers, E. (1971). Relationship between total body water and surface area in normal and obese subjects. J. Clin. Pathol., 24, 234
Durnin, J. V. G. A. and Womersley, J. (1974). Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 years. Br. J. Nutr., 32, 77
Siri, W. E. (1956). University of California Radiation Laboratory Report 3349, p. 14. Donner Laboratory of Biophysics and Medical Physics.
Edward, D. A. W., Hammond, W. H., Healy, M. J. R., Tanner, J. M. and Whitehouse, R. H. (1955). Design and accuracy of calipers for measuring subcutaneous tissue thickness. Br. J. Nutr., 9, 133
Forbes, G. B., Gallup, J. and Hursh, J. B. (1961). Estimation of total body fat from 40K content. Science, 133, 101
Pierson, R. I., Lin, D. H. Y. and Phillips, R. A. (1974). Total body potassium in health: effects of age, sex, height and fat. Am. J. Physiol., 226 (No. 1), 206
Von Dobeln, W. (1962). Proceedings of Symposium on Whole Body Counting, pp. 351–352. (Vienna: I.A.E.A.)
Burkinshaw, L. and Cotes, J. E. (1973). Body potassium and fat free mass: Correspondence section. Clin. Sci., 44, 621
Womersley, J., Boddy, K., King, P. C. and Durnin, J. V. G. A. (1972). A comparison of the fat free mass of young adults estimated by anthropometry, body density and total body potassium content. Clin. Sci., 43, 469
Widdowson, E. M., McCance, R. A. and Spray, C. M. (1951). The chemical composition of the human body. Clin. Sci., 10, 113
Brozek, J. (1965). Discussion 20. Second Symposium. Radioactivity in Man, pp. 272–277. (Springfield, Ill.: Charles C. Thomas)
Forbes, G. B. and Lewis, A. M. (1956). Total sodium, potassium and chloride in adult man. J. Clin. Invest., 35, 596
Novak, L. P., Hyatt, R. E. and Alexander, J. F. (1968). Body composition and physiologic function of athletes, J. Am. Med. Assoc., 205, 140
Boddy, K., Hume, R., King, P. C., Weyers, E. and Rowan, T. (1974). Total body plasma and erythrolcyte potassium and leucocyte ascorbic acid in ‘ultra-fit’ subjects. Clin. Sci. Mol. Med., 46, 499
Pierson, R. N., Lin, D. H. Y. and Phillips, R. A. (1974). Total body potassium in health: Effects of age, sex, height and fat. Am. J. Physiol., 226 (No. 1), 206
Goode, A. W., Hawkins, T. and Feggetter, J. G. W. (1977). The effect of frusemide used for post-prostatectomy irrigation on total body potassium. Br. J. Urol., 49, 143
Davidson, C., Burkinshaw, L., McLachlan, M. S. F. and Morgan, D. B. (1976). Effect of long-term diuretic treatment on total body potassium in heart disease. Lancet, ii, 1044
Bernard, R. W. and Stahl, W. M. (1973). Total body potassium as a guide to IV alimentation. Ann. Surg., 178, 559
Goode, A. W., Hawkins, T., Feggetter, J. G. W. and Johnston, I. D. A. (1976). Use of an elemental diet for long term nutritional support in Crohn’s disease. Lancet, i, 122
Manners, J. M. (1974). Nutrition after cardiac surgery. Anaesthesia, 29, 675
Abel, R. M., Fisher, J. E., Buckley, M. J., Barnett, G. O. and Austen, W. G. (1976). Malnutrition in cardiac surgical patients. Arch. Surg., iii, 45
Waterlow, J. C. and Alleyne, G. A. O. (1971). Adv. Protein Chem., 25, 117
Mann, M. D. and Hansen, J. D. L. (1972). S. Afr. Med.J., 46, 37
Halliday, D. (1967). Uni. Sci., 33, 365
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1978 MTP Press Ltd
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Goode, A.W., Hawkins, T. (1978). The use of 40K counting and its relationship to other estimates of lean body mass. In: Johnston, I.D.A. (eds) Advances in Parenteral Nutrition. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7188-5_36
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7188-5_36
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-011-7190-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-7188-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive