Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Immunological Aspects of Rheumatology pp 183–209Cite as

The Macrophage—Origins, Functions and Role in the Rheumatic Diseases

  • Chapter

Abstract

Metchnikoff1 recognized the importance of the macrophage in host defence and in mounting inflammatory responses in the nineteenth century; indeed it formed the cornerstone for his cellular theory of immunity. A vast amount of subsequent work has confirmed that mononuclear phagocytes participate in all types of inflammation, tending to play a dominant part wherever the inflammatory process becomes chronic2. Recent research has revealed that cells of the mononuclear series may play a key role in the initiation3, 4, and genetic regulation5 of the immune response as well as being an important source of inflammatory mediators and destructive enzymes. Yet these cells have been little studied in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory connective tissue disorders.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Metchnikoff, E. (1893). Lectures on the Comparative Pathology of Inflammation (London: Kegan, Paul, Trench, Truber & Co.)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Dannenberg, A. M. (1975). Macrophages in inflammation and infection. N. Engl. J. Med., 293, 489

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Unanue, E. R. and Calderon, J. (1975). Evaluation of the role of macrophages in immune induction. Fed. Proc, 34, 1737

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Pierce, C. W. and Kapp, J. A. (1978). Functions of macrophages in antibody responses in vitro. Fed. Proc, 37, 86

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Rosenthal, A. S., Barcinski, M. A. and Blake, J. T. (1977). Determinant selection is a macrophage dependent immune response gene function. Nature (London), 267, 156

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. van Furth, R. (1976). An approach to the characterization of mononuclear phagocytes involved in pathological processes. Agents and Actions, 6, 91

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Wellek, B., Hahn, H. and Opferkuch, W. (1976). Opsonizing activities of IgG, IgM and the C3b inactivator cleaved third component of complement in macrophage phagocytosis. Agents and Actions, 6, 260

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. van Furth, R., Langevoort, H. L. and Schaberg, A. (1975). Mononuclear phagocytes in human pathology—proposal for an approach to improved classification. In van Furth, R. (ed.) Mononuclear Phagocytes in Immunity, Infection and Pathology, pp. 1–15. (Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Whitelaw, D. M. and Batho, H. F. (1975). Kinetics of monocytes. In van Furth, R. (ed.) Mononuclear Phagocytes in Immunity, Infection and Pathology, pp. 175–188 (Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications)

    Google Scholar 

  10. van Furth, R. (1975). Modulation of monocyte production. In van Furth, R. (ed.) Mononuclear Phagocytes in Immunity, Infection and Pathology, pp. 161–174. (Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Dannenberg, A. M., Ando, M., Shima, K. and Tsuda, T. (1975). Macrophage turnover and activation in tubercular granulomata. In van Furth, R. (ed.) Mononuclear Phagocytes in immunity, Infection and Pathology, pp. 959–980. (Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Blusse, van Oud, Alblas, A. and van Furth, R. (1979). Origins, kinetics and characteristics of pulmonary macrophages in the normal steady state. J. Exp. Med., 149, 1504

    Google Scholar 

  13. van Waarde, D., Hulsing-Hesselink, E. and van Furth, R. (1975). Humoral regulation of monocytosis during an acute inflammatory reaction. In van Furth, R. (ed.) Mononuclear Phagocytes in Immunity, Infection and Pathology, pp. 205–222. (Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Meuret, G. and Hoffman, G. (1973). Monocyte kinetic studies in normal and disease states. Br. J. Haematol., 24, 275

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Whitelaw, D. M. (1972). Observations on human monocyte kinetics after pulse labelling. Cell Tissue Kinet, 5, 311

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Whitelaw, D. M. and Batho, H. F. (1972). The distribution of monocytes in the rat. Cell Tissue Kinet, 5, 215

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. van Waarde, D., Hulsing-Hesselink, E. and van Furth, R. (1978). Humoral control of monocytopoiesis by an activator and an inhibitor. Agents and Actions, 8, 432

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Barland, P., Novikoff, A. B. and Hamerman, D. (1962). Electron microscopy of the human synovial membrane. J. Cell Biol, 14, 207

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Fell, H. B., Glauvert, A. M., Barratt, M. E. J. and Green, R. (1976). The pig synovium (1) the intact synovium in vivo and in organ culture. J. Anat., 122, 663

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Barratt, M. E. J., Fell, H. B., Coombs, R. R. A. and Glauvert, A. M. (1977). The pig synovium (2) some properties of isolated intimai cells. J. Anat., 123, 47

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Allison, A. C., Davies, P. and De Petris, S. (1971). Role of contractile microfilaments in macrophage movement and endocytosis. Nature, New Biol, 232, 153

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Stossel, T. P. (1978). The mechanism of leucocyte locomotion. In Gallin, J. I. and Quie, P. G. (eds.) Leucocyte Chemotaxis, pp. 143–160. (New York: Raven Press)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Robinson, B. V. (1978). The pharmacology of phagocytosis. ‘Trends in the drug treatment of rheumatic diseases’. Rheum. Rehab. (Suppl.), pp. 37–46

    Google Scholar 

  24. Sundquist, K. G. and Ehrnst, A. (1976). Cytoskeletal control of surface membrane mobility. Nature (London), 264, 226

    Google Scholar 

  25. Kvarstein, B. and Stormorken, H. (1971). Influence of acetyl salicylic acid, butazolidine. colchicine, hydrocortisone, chlorpromazine and imipramine on the phagocytosis of polystyrene latex particles by human leucocytes. Biochem. Pharmacol., 20, 119

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Ignarro, L. J., Lint, T. F. and George, W. J. (1974). Hormonal control of lysosomal enzyme release from human neutrophils. (Effects of antonomic agents on enzyme release, phagocytosis and cyclic nucleotide levels). J. Exp. Med., 139, 1395

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Malawista, S. E. and Bodel, P. T. (1967). The dissociation by colchicine of phagocytosis from increased O2 consumption in human leucocytes. J. Clin. Invest., 46, 786

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Abdou, N. I., Napombejara, C., Sagawa, A., Ragland, C., Stechschulte, D. J., Nilsson, U., Gourley, W., Watanabe, I., Lindsey, N. J. and Allen, M. S. (1977). Malakoplakia: evidence for monocyte lysosomal abnormality correctable by cholinergic agonist in vitro and in vivo. N. Engl. J. Med., 291, 1413

    Google Scholar 

  29. Hill, H. R. (1978). Cyclic nucleotides as modulators of leucocyte Chemotaxis. In Gallin, J. J. and Quie, P. G. (eds.) Leucocyte Chemotaxis, pp. 179–194. (New York: Raven Press)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Stossel, T. P. (1973). Quantitative studies of phagocytosis. Kinetic effect of cations and heat labile opsonin. J. Cell Biol., 58, 346

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Huber, H. and Holm, G. (1975). Surface receptors of mononuclear phagocytes: effect of immune complexes on in vitro function in human monocytes. In van Furth, R. (ed.) Mononuclear Phagocytes in Immunity, Infection and Pathology, pp. 290–301. (Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Griffin, F. M. Jr., Griffin, J. A., Leider, J. E. and Silverstein, S. C. (1975). Studies on the mechanism of phagocytosis. 1. Requirements for circumferential attachment of particle bound ligands to specific receptors on the macrophage plasma membrane. J. Exp. Med., 142, 1263

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Griffin, F. M. Jr. and Silverstein, S. C. (1975). Discrimination by the macrophage during the ingestion phase of phagocytosis. In van Furth, R. (ed.) Mononuclear Phagocytes in Immunity, Infection and Pathology, pp. 283–286. (Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Goetzl, E. J. (1978). Regulation of the polymorphonuclear leucocyte chemotactic response by immunological reactions. In Gallin, J. I. and Quie, P. G. (eds.) Leucocyte Chemotaxis, pp. 161–177. (New York: Raven Press)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Schiffmann, E., Corcoran, B. A. and Aswanikumar, S. (1978). Molecular events in the response of neutrophils to synthetic N-f MET chemotactic peptides: demonstration of a specific receptor. In Gallin, J. I. and Quie, P. G. (eds.) Leucocyte Chemotaxis, pp. 97–111. (New York: Raven Press)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Ho, P. P. K., Young, A. L. and Southard, G. L. (1978). Methyl ester of N formylmethionylleucyl-phenylalanine. Chemotactic responses of human blood monocytes and inhibition of gold compounds. Arth. Rheum., 21, 133

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Jessop, J. D., Vernon-Roberts, B. and Harris, J. (1973). Effect of gold salts and prednisolone on inflammatory cells. 1. Phagocytic activity of macrophages and polymorphs in inflammatory exudate studied by a skin window technique in rheumatoid and control patients. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 32, 294

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Vernon-Roberts, B., Jessop, J. D. and Dore, J. (1973). Effect of gold salts and prednisolone on inflammatory cells. 2. Suppression of inflammation and phagocytosis in the rat. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 32, 301

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Jessop, J. D. and Wilkins, M. (1979). The effect of gold salts on the phagocytic activity of synovial macrophages in organ culture. J. Rheum. (Suppl.), No. 5

    Google Scholar 

  40. Kávai, M., Lukács, K., Sonkoly, I., Páloczi, K. and Szegedi, G. Y. (1979). Circulating immune complexes and monocyte Fc function in autoimmune diseases. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 38, 79

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Wilton, J. M. A., Gibson, T. and Chuck, C. M. (1978). Defective phagocytosis by synovial fluid and blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. 1. The nature of the defect. Rheum. Rehab. (Suppl.), 25

    Google Scholar 

  42. Landry, M. (1972). Phagocyte function and cell mediated immunity in SLE. Arch. Dermatol., 113, 147

    Google Scholar 

  43. Williams, B. D., Pussell, B. A., Lockwood, C. M. and Cotton, C. (1979). Defective reticuloendothelial system function in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet, 1, 1311

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Frank, M. M., Hamburger, M. I., Lawley, I. J., Kimberley, R. P. and Plotz, P. H. (1979). Defective reticuloendothelial system Fc-receptor function in systemic lupus erythematosus. N. Engl. J. Med., 300, 518

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Lockwood, C. M., Worlledge, S., Nicholas, A., Cotton, C. and Peters, D. K. (1979). Reversal of impaired splenic function in patients with nephritis or vasculitis (or both) by plasma exchange. N. Engl. J. Med., 300, 524

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Svensson, B., Sturfelt, G., Nived, O., Odeberg, H., Norberg, R. and Torstensson, R. (1980). Studies on serum dependent in vitro monocyte function in rheumatic diseases. Scand. J. Rheumatol (Suppl.), 31

    Google Scholar 

  47. Rosenthal, A. S., Barcinski, M. A. and Rosenwasser, L. J. (1978). Function of macrophages in genetic control of immune responsiveness. Fed. Proc, 37, 79

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Benacerraf, B. (1978). Hypothesis to relate the specificity of T-lymphocytes and the activity of I region-specific Ir genes in macrophages and B-lymphocytes. J. Immunol, 120, 1809

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Rosenthal, A. S., Barcinski, M. A, and Blake, J. T. (1977). Determinant selection is a macrophage dependent immune response gene function. Nature (London), 267, 156

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Yamashita, U. and Shevach, E. M. (1978). The histocompatibility restrictions on macrophage T-helper cell interaction determine the histocompatibility restrictions on T-helper cell B-cell interaction. J. Exp. Med., 148, 1171

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Sønderstrop, G., Rubin, B., Sørensen, S. F. and Svejgaard, A. (1978). Importance of HLA-D antigens for the co-operation between human monocytes and T-lymphocytes. Eur. J. Immunol, 8, 520

    Google Scholar 

  52. Seldin, M. F., Rich, P. R. and Rich, S. S. (1978). Self preference of secondary proliferative responses to hapten conjugated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Fed. Proc., 37, 1369 (Abst. 548)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Stastny, P. (1976). Mixed lymphocyte cultures in rheumatoid arthritis. J. Clin. Invest., 57, 1148

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Stastny, P. (1978). Association of the B-cell alloantigen DRw4 with rheumatoid arthritis. N. Engl. J. Med., 298, 869

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  55. Cardella, C. J., Davies, P. and Allison, A. C. (1974). Immune complexes induce selective release of lysosomal enzymes by macrophages. Nature (London), 247, 46

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Schorlemmer, H. V., Bitter-Suermann, D. and Allison, A. C. (1977). Complement activation by the alternative pathway and macrophage enzyme secretion in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation. Immunology, 32, 929

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Schorlemmer, H. V. and Allison, A. C. (1976). Effects of activated complement components on enzyme secretion by macrophages. Immunology, 31, 781

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Schorlemmer, H. V., Davies, P. and Allison, A. C. (1976). Ability of activated complement components to induce lysosomal enzyme release from macrophages. Nature (London), 261, 48

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Unanue, E. R. (1976). Secretory function of mononuclear phagocytes. Am. J. Pathol, 83, 396

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Synderman, R. and McCarthy, G. A. (1978). The role of macrophages in the rheumatic diseases. Clin. Rheum. Dis., 4, no. 3

    Google Scholar 

  61. Bentley, C., Bitter-Suermann, D., Hadding, U. and Brade, V. (1976). In vitro synthesis of Factor B of the alternative pathway of complement activation by mouse peritoneal macrophages. Eur. J. Immunol, 6, 393

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Gordon, S., Unkeless, J. C. and Cohn, Z. A. (1974). Induction of macrophageplasminogen activator by endotoxin stimulation and phagocytosis: evidence for a two-stage process. J. Exp. Med., 140, 995

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Unkeless, J. C., Gordon, S. and Reiche, E. J. (1974). Secretion of plasminogen activator by stimulated macrophage. Exp. Med., 139, 834

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Gordon, S., Newman, W. and Bloom, B. (1978). Macrophage proteases and rheumatic diseases: regulation of plasminogen activator by thymus-derived lymphocytes. Agents and Actions,8

    Google Scholar 

  65. Kay, A. B., Petter, D. S. and Ewart, M. R. (1973). Generation of chemotactic activity for leucocytes by the action of thrombin on human fibrinogen. Nature (London), 24, 56

    Google Scholar 

  66. Koboyashi, I. and Ziff, M. (1975). Electron microscopic studies of the cartilage-pannus junction in rheumatoid arthritis. Arth. Rheum., 18, 475

    Google Scholar 

  67. Harvey, W. et al. (1976). Macrophage and cartilage destruction. Lancet, 2 (letter), 202

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Wahl, L. M., Wahl, S. M., Mergenhagen, S. E. and Martin, G. R. (1974). Collagenase production by endotoxin activated macrophage. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 72, 3598

    Google Scholar 

  69. Werb, Z. and Gordon, S. (1975). Secretion of a specific collagenase by stimulated macrophage. J. Exp. Med., 142, 356

    Google Scholar 

  70. Werb, Z. and Gordon, S. (1975). Elastase secretion by stimulated macrophages. J. Exp. Med., 142, 361

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Berger, H. Jr. (1977). Secretion of plasminogen activator by rheumatoid and non-rheumatoid synovial cells in culture. Arth. Rheum., 20, 1198

    Google Scholar 

  72. Harris, E. D., Mainardi, C. L. and Werb, Z. (1977). Collagenolysis in RA. In Gordon, J. L. and Hazelman, B. L. (eds.), Rheumatoid Arthritis—Cellular Pathology and Pharmacology, pp. 199–210. Elsevier/North Holland. Amsterdam: Biomedical Press)

    Google Scholar 

  73. Evanson, J. M., Jeffrey, J. J. and Krane, S. M. (1967). Human collagenase: identification and characterization of an enzyme from rheumatoid synovium in culture. Science, 158, 499

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Brackertz, D., Hagmann, J. and Kueppers, F. (1975). Proteinase inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 34, 225

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Abe, S. and Nagai, Y. (1973). Evidence for the presence of a complex of collagenase with alpha2 macroglobulin in human rheumatoid synovial fluid: a possible regulatory mechanism of collagenase activity in vivo. J. Biochem. (Tokyo), 73, 897

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Woolley, D. E., Crossley, M. J. and Evanson, J. M. (1977). Collagenase at sites of cartilage erosion in the rheumatoid joint. Arth. Rheum., 20, 1231

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Deporter, D. A. (1979). The role of the macrophage in collagen resorption during chronic inflammation. A new look at an old hypothesis. Agents and Action, 9, 168

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Hamerman, D., Janis, R. and Smith, C. (1967). Cartilage matrix depletion by rheumatoid synovial cells in tissue culture. J. Exp. Med., 126, 1005

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  79. Fell, H. B. (1978). Synoviocytes. J. Clin. Pathol, 31 (Suppl. Royal College of Pathology), 12, 14

    Google Scholar 

  80. Fell, H. B. and Jubb, R. W. (1977). The destructive action of synovial tissue on articular cartilage in organ culture. In Gordon, J. L. and Hazelman, B. L. (eds.),Rheumatoid Arthritis—Cellular Pathology and Pharmacology, pp. 193–197. Elsevier/North Holland. Amsterdam: Biomedical Press)

    Google Scholar 

  81. Fell, H. B. and Jubb, R. J. (1977). The effect of synovial tissue on the breakdown of articular cartilage in organ culture. Arth. Rheum., 20, 1359

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Fell, H. B. and Barratt, M. E. J. (1973). The role of soft connective tissue in the breakdown of pig articular cartilage cultivated in the presence of complement-sufficient antiserum to pig erythrocytes (1). Histological changes. Int. Arch. Allergy Appl. Immunol, 44, 441

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Dingle, J. T., Horsfield, P., Fell, H. B. and Barratt, M. E. J. (1975). Breakdown of proteoglycan and collagen induced in pig articular cartilage in organ culture. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 34, 303

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Yamaski, K. and Ziff, M. (1977). Enhancement of in vitro gammaglobulin synthesis of human lymphocytes by lysosomal enzymes from PMN. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 27, 254

    Google Scholar 

  85. Gisler, R. H., Vischer, T. L. and Dukor, P. (1976). Trypsin increases in vitro antibody synthesis and substitutes for helper T-cells. J. Immunol., 116, 1354

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Vischer, T. L. (1978). Macrophages, lymphocytes and proteases. In Panayi, G. S. and Johnson, P. M. (eds.) Immunopathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis, pp. 131–136. (Chertsey, Surrey: Reed Books)

    Google Scholar 

  87. Fehr, K., Artmann, G., Velvart, M. and Boni, A. (1977). Cathepsin D. agglutinators + neutral protease agglutinators in rheumatoid arthritis. Arth. Rheum., 20, 1240

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Mesteck, Y. J., Miller, E. J., Gay, S. and Andriopoulos, N. A. (1978). Immune response to collagen. In Panayi, G. S. and Johnson, P. M. (eds.) Immunopathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis, pp. 63–67. (Chertsey, Surrey: Reed Books Ltd)

    Google Scholar 

  89. Morley, J., Bray, M. A. and Meade, H. (1978). Macrophage and prostaglandins. In Panayi, G. S. and Johnson, P. M. (eds.) Immunopathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis, pp. 119–122. (Chertsey, Surrey: Reed Books Ltd)

    Google Scholar 

  90. Kurland, J. I. and Bockman, R. (1978). Prostaglandin E production by human blood monocytes and mouse peritoneal macrophages. J. Exp. Med., 147, 952

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Goodwin, J. S., Bankhurst, A. D. and Messner, R. P. (1977). Suppression of human T cell mitogenesis by prostaglandin. Existence of a prostaglandin producing suppressor cell. J. Exp. Med., 146, 1719

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Wahl, L. M., Olsen, C. W., Wahl, S. M., Sandberg, A. L. and Mergenhagen, S. E. (1978). Prostaglandin regulated macrophage collagenase. In Horton, J. G., Tarpley, T. M. and Davis, W. F. (eds.) Mechanisms of Localized Bone Loss, pp. 181–190. Special supplement to Calcified Tissue Abstracts, pp. 181–190

    Google Scholar 

  93. Webb, D. R. and Osheroff, P. L. (1976). Antigen stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis and control of immune responses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 73, 1300

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Gordon, D., Bray, M. A. and Morley, J. (1976). Control of lymphokine secretion by prostaglandins. Nature (London). 262, 402

    Google Scholar 

  95. Klein, D. C. and Raisz, L. G. (1970). Prostaglandins: stimulation of bone resorption in tissue culture. Endocrinology, 86, 1436

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Yoneda, T. and Mundy, G. R. (1979). Monocytes regulate osteoclast activity factor production by releasing prostaglandins. J. Exp. Med., 150, 338

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Allison, A. C., Clark, J. A. and Davies, P. (1977). Cellular interactions in fibronogenesis. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 36 (Suppl.), 8

    Google Scholar 

  98. Babior, B. M. (1978). Oxygen dependent killing by phagocytes (Part 1). N. Engl. J. Med., 298, 659

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Babior, B. M. (1978). Oxygen dependent killing by phagocytes (Part 2). N. Engl. J. Med., 298, 721

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  100. Sbarra, A. J. and Karnovsky, M. L. (1959). The biochemical basis of phagocytosis. 1. Metabolic changes during the ingestion of particles by PMN leucocytes. J. Biol. Chem., 234, 1355

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  101. Goldstein, I. M., Roos, D., Kaplan, H. B. and Weissmann, G. (1975). Complement and immunoglobulin stimulate superoxide production by human leucocytes independently of phagocytosis. J. Clin. Invest., 56, 1155

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  102. Weening, R. S., Wever, R. and Roos, D. (1975). Quantitative aspects of the production of superoxide radicals by phagocytosing human granulocytes. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 85 245

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Johnston, R. B. Jr., Lehmeyer, J. E. and Guthrie, L. D. (1976). Generation of superoxide anion and chemiluminescence by human monocytes during phagocytosis and on contact with surface bound immunoglobulin G. J. Exp. Med., 143, 1551

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Curnutte, J. T., Babior, B. M. and Karnovsky, M. L. (1979). Fluoride mediated activation of the respiratory burst in human neutrophils. J. Clin. Invest., 63, 637

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  105. Diaz, P., Jones, D. G. and Kay, A. B. (1979). Histamine-coated particles generate superoxide O<Stack><Subscript>2</Subscript><Superscript>-</Superscript></Stack> and chemiluminescence in alveolar macrophages. Nature (London), 278, 454

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Sacks, T., Moldow, C. F., Craddock, P. R., Bowers, T. K. and Jacob, H. S. (1978). Oxygen radicals mediate endothelial cell damage by complement stimulated granulocytes. An in vitro model of immune vascular damage. J. Clin. Invest., 61, 1161

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Simonchowitz, L., Mehta, J. and Spilberg, I. (1979). Chemotactic factor-induced generation of superoxide radicals by human neutrophils—effect of metabolic inhibitors and antiinflammatory drugs. Arth. Rheum., 22, 755

    Google Scholar 

  108. Kinsky, R. G., Christie, G. H., Elson, J. and Howard, J. G. (1969). Extra hepatic deprivation of Kupffer cells during oestrogenic stimulation of parabiosed mice. Br. J. Exp. Pathol., 50, 438

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Göthlin, G. and Ericsson, J. L. E. (1976). The osteoclast: review of ultrastructure, origin and structure-function relationship. Clin. Ortho. Rel. Res., 120, 201

    Google Scholar 

  110. Grimley, P. M. and Sokoloff, L. (1966). Synovial giant cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Am. J. Pathol., 49, 931

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  111. Han, A. K. and Roy, S. (1971). Synovial giant cells in rheumatoid arthritis and other joint diseases. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 30, 294

    Google Scholar 

  112. Mackay, J. M. K., Panayi, G., Neill, W. A., Robinson, A., Smith, W., Marmion, B. P. and Duthie, J. J. R. (1974). Cytology of rheumatoid synovial cells in culture. 1. Composition and sequence of cell populations in cultures of rheumatoid synovial fluid. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 33, 225

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Panayi, G. S., Mackay, J. M. K., Neill, W. A., McCormick, J. N., Marmion, B. P. and Duthie, J. J. R. (1974). Cytology of rheumatoid synovial cells in culture. 2. Association of polykaryocytes with rheumatoid and other forms of arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis., 33, 234

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Spector, W. G. and Mariano, M. (1975). Macrophage behaviour in experimental granulomas. In van Furth, R. (ed.) Mononuclear Phagocytes in Immunity, Infection and Pathology, pp. 927–942. (Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications)

    Google Scholar 

  115. Dreher, R., Keller, N. V., Hess, M. W. and Cottier, H. (1975). Enhancement of talcum-induced macrophage fusion and giant cell proliferation by delta-hydrocortisone acetate. In van Furth, R. (ed.) Mononuclear Phagocytes in Immunity, Infection and Pathology, pp. 943–950. (Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. N. Hurst
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. G. Nuki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University Department of Rheumatology, The Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

    W. Carson Dick

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1981 MTP Press Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hurst, N., Nuki, G. (1981). The Macrophage—Origins, Functions and Role in the Rheumatic Diseases. In: Dick, W.C. (eds) Immunological Aspects of Rheumatology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6624-9_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6624-9_9

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-011-6626-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-6624-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation