Abstract
Survival and reproduction of vertebrate parasites depend on a reliable mechanism for their movement from one host animal to another. Transmission is accomplished more easily by vertebrate ectoparasites that live on or near the surface of the host than by endoparasites that must penetrate exterior defenses and get inside their host. There are three basic channels for infectious agents to get on or inside their vertebrate hosts: (1) direct contact, (2) ingestion of contaminated water or food and (3) inhalation of contaminated air. Direct contact includes physical contact with contaminated surfaces or infected individuals (including sexual contact), active penetration (usually in water) by invasive stages of parasites, and contact via infected vectors as a result of their feeding or defecation behavior. Therefore, vectors are agents of parasite infection and represent a unique route of direct transmission.
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Edman, J.D. (2000). Arthropod Transmission of Vertebrate Parasites. In: Eldridge, B.F., Edman, J.D. (eds) Medical Entomology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6472-6_5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6472-6_5
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