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Effects of Conditioned Arousal on the Auditory System

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The Neural Basis of Behavior

Abstract

Central activity states have several manifestations. Dr. Beckman has addressed the topic of hibernation while Drs. Morrison and Karnovsky have been concerned with the neural substrates of different aspects of sleep. There is yet another aspect of central activity states, namely the state of arousal. Each of these states may be characterized by its moment-tomoment variance or fluctuations. We have seen that even hibernation is a dynamic state, in which state fluctuations do occur. Of course, it is well known that the general state of sleep is characterized by shifts from one state to another; the time course of such changes is apparently more rapid than for hibernation. The state of arousal is characterized by even more numerous fluctuations in level, the duration of which may be as short as one or two seconds, as during habituation of arousal (Sharpless and Jasper, 1956) or as long as minutes, as during a sustained attention task in which a high level of performance is maintained throughout (Mirsky and Pragay, 1970). The fact that the state of arousal includes numerous instances of increments and decrements in level during the course of a period of non-sleep is undoubtedly related to the fact that most of an animal’s transactions with its environment occur during wakefulness, and environmental conditions are often highly variable. For example, novel, unexpected or sudden stimuli elicit an increment in arousal level as a major component of the orienting reflex (see, for example, Sokolov, 1963, 1975).

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  1. Norman M. Weinberger
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  1. Alfred I. duPont Institute, Wilmington, Delaware, USA

    Alexander L. Beckman Ph.D. (Senior Research Scientist) (Senior Research Scientist)

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Weinberger, N.M. (1982). Effects of Conditioned Arousal on the Auditory System. In: Beckman, A.L. (eds) The Neural Basis of Behavior. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6302-6_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6302-6_4

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