Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomales) have probably accompanied most land plants since their colonisation of terrestrial ecosystems through the development of highly specialised symbiotic relationships with roots of their hosts. These are based on a sequence of events originating in alterations in the morphology and activity of the plant and fungal symbionts and terminating in their close structural and functional cellular integration. The complexity of this symbiosis implies coordination of a highly evolved physiological and molecular dialogue which must be controlled by a multiplicity of plant and fungal genes. Proof that symbiosis specific plant genes regulate arbuscular mycorrhiza comes from isogenic plant mutants with symbiotically defective phenotypes characterised by complete resistance to mycorrhizal fungi. Up and down regulation of symbiosis-related gene expression in arbuscular mycorrhiza interactions is evident from polypeptide and mRNA analyses, and some molecular modifications correspond to plant gene products induced in other plant-microbe interactions indicating that common mechanisms may be involved. Approaches used to identify plant genes regulated during different stages of arbuscular mycorrhiza development are reviewed.
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Abbreviations
- GUS:
-
glucuronidase
- PAL:
-
phenylalanine ammonia lyase
- CHS:
-
chalcone synthase
- IFR:
-
isoflavone reductase
- PR:
-
pathogenesis related
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Gianinazzi-Pearson, V. (1997). Molecular responses of roots related to fungal colonisation in arbuscular mycorrhiza. In: Anderson, H.M., Barlow, P.W., Clarkson, D.T., Jackson, M.B., Shewry, P.R. (eds) Plant Roots - From Cells to Systems. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences, vol 73. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5696-7_13
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5696-7_13
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