Abstract
During the first half of 1996, the European Space Agency (ESA) will launch a unique flotilla of spacecraft to study the interaction between the solar wind and the Earth’s magnetosphere in unprecedented detail. The Cluster mission was first proposed to the Agency in late 1982 and was selected, together with SOHO, as the Solar Terrestrial Science Programme (STSP), the first cornerstone of ESA’s Horizon 2000 Programme. It is a complex four-spacecraft mission designed to carry out three-dimensional measurements of the magnetosphere, covering both large- and small-scale phenomena in the sunward and tail regions. The mission is a ‘first’ for ESA in a number of ways:
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the first time that four identical spacecraft have been launched on a single launch vehicle,
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the first time that ESA has built spacecraft in true series production and operated them as a single group,
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the first time that European scientific institutes have produced a series of up to five instruments with full intercalibration, and
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the first launch of the Agency’s new heavy launch vehicle Ariane-5.
The article gives an overview of this unique mission and the requirements that governed the spacecraft design. It then describes in detail the resulting design and how the particular engineering challenges posed by the series production of four identical spacecraft and sets of scientific instruments were met by the combined efforts of the ESA Project Team, Industry and the experiment teams.
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References
Escoubet, C. P. and Schmidt, R.: 1996, ‘Cluster-Science and Mission Overview’, Space Sci. Rev., this issue.
Ferri, P. and Warhaut, M.: 1996, ‘Cluster Mission Operations’, Space Sci. Rev., this issue.
Johnstone, A. et al: 1996, ‘PEACE: a Plasma Electron and Current Experiment’, Space Sci. Rev., this issue.
Pedersen, A. et al.: 1996, ‘The Wave Experiment Consortium (WEC)’, Space Sci. Rev., this issue.
S0rensen, E. M., Merri, M., and Di Girolamo, G.: 1996, ‘The Cluster Data Processing System: a Distributed System in Support of a Challenging Mission’, Space Sci. Rev., this issue.
Woolliscroft, L. J. C. et al: 1996: ‘The Digital Wave-Processing Experiment on Cluster’, Space Sci. Rev., this issue.
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© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
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Credland, J., Mecke, G., Ellwood, J. (1997). The Cluster Mission: Esa’s Spacefleet to the Magnetosphere. In: Escoubet, C.P., Russell, C.T., Schmidt, R. (eds) The Cluster and Phoenix Missions. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5666-0_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5666-0_2
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
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