Abstract
An electron analyser to measure the three-dimensional velocity distribution of electrons in the energy range from 0.59 eV to 26.4 keV on the four spacecraft of the Cluster mission is described. The instrument consists of two sensors with hemispherical electrostatic energy analysers with a position-sensitive microchannel plate detectors placed to view radially on opposite sides of the spacecraft. The intrinsic energy resolutions of the two sensors are 12.7% and 16.5% full width at half maximum. Their angular resolutions are 2.8° and 5.3° respectively in an azimuthal direction and 15° in a polar direction. The two sensors will normally measure in different overlapping energy ranges and will scan the distribution in half a spacecraft rotation or 2 s in the overlapped range. While this is the fastest time resolution for complete distributions, partial distributions can be recorded in as little as 62.5 ms and angular distributions at a fixed energy in 7.8 ms. The dynamic range of the instrument is sufficient to provide accurate measurements of the main known populations from the tail lobe to the plasmasheet and the solar wind. While the basic structure of the instrument is conventional, special attention has been paid in the design to improving the precision of the instrument so that a relative accuracy of the order of 1 % could be attained in flight in order to measure the gradients between the four spacecraft accurately; to decreasing the minimum energy covered by this technique from 10 eV down to 1 eV; and to providing good three dimensional distributions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Balogh et al.: 1997, this volume.
Bame, S. J., Asbridge, J. R., Felthauser, H. E., Glore, J. P., Paschmann, G., Hemmerich, P., Lehmann, K., and Rosenbauer, H.: 1978, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electr. GE-16, 216.
Carlson, C. W., Curtis, D. W., Paschmann, G., and Michael, W.: 1983, ‘An Instrument for Rapidly Measuring Plasma Distributions Functions with High Resolution’, Adv. Space Res. 2, 67.
Décréau, P. M. R. et al: 1997, this volume.
Gustaffson et al: 1997, this volume.
Hardy, D. A., Walton, D. ML, Johnstone, A. D., Smith, M. F., Gough, M. P., Huber, A., Pantazis, J., and Burkhardt, R.: 1993, ‘Low Energy Plasma Analyzer’, IEEE Trans. Nuc. Sci. NS-40, 246.
Johnstone, A. D., Kellock, S., Coates, A. J., Smith, M. R, Booker, T., and Winningham, J. D.: 1985, ‘A Spaceborne Plasma Analyser for the Three-Dimensional Measurements of the Velocity Distribution’, IEEE Trans. Nuc. Sci. NS-32, 139.
Johnstone, A. D., Coates, A. J., Wilken, B., Studemann, W., Weiss, W, Cerulli-Irelli, R., Formisano, V., Borg, H., Olsen, S., Winningham, J. D., Bryant, D. A., and Kellock, S. J.: 1987, ‘The Giotto Three-Dimensional Positive Ion Analyser’, J. Phys. (E) 20, 795.
Kessel, R. L., Johnstone, A. D., Coates, A. J., and Gowen, R. A.: 1989, ‘Space Plasma Measurements with Ion Instruments’, Rev. Sci Inst. 70, 3750.
Mukai, T., Machida, S., Saito, Y., Hirakawa, M., Terasawa, T., Kaya, N., Obara, T., Ejiri, M., and Nishida, A.: 1994, ‘The Low-Energy Particle (LEP) Experiment Onboard the Geotail Satellite’, J. Geomag. Geoelect. 46, 669.
Mukai, T. and Miyake, W.: 1986, ‘Transmission Characteristics and Fringing Field Effect of a 270° Spherical Electrostatic Analyser’, Rev. Sci. Inst. 57, 49.
Oberhardt, M. R., Hardy, D. A., Slutter, W E., McGarity, M. O., Sperry, D. J., Everest III, A. W., Huber, A. C., Pantazis, J. A., and Gough, M. P.: 1994, ‘The Shuttle Potential and Return Experiment (SPREE)’, Nuovo Cimento 17, 67.
Paschmann, G., Loidl, H., Obermayer, P., Ertl, M., Laborenz, R., Sckopke, N., Baumjohann, W., Carlson, C. W, and Curtis, D. W: 1985, ‘The Plasma Instrument for AMPTE IRM’, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, GE-23, 262.
Paschmann, G. et al: 1997, this volume.
Reme, H., Cotin, R, Cros, A., Medale, J. L., Sauvaud, J. A., d’Uston, C., Anderson, K. A., Carlson, C. W, Curtis, D. W, Lin, R. P., Korth, A., Richter, A. K., Loidl, A., and Mendis, D. A.: 1987, ‘The Giotto Electron Plasma Experiment’, J. Phys. (E) 20, 721.
Reme, H. et al.: 1997, this volume.
Riedler et al: 1997, this volume.
Sablik, M. J., Winningham, J. D., Gurgiolo, C., and Johnstone, A. D.: 1985, ‘Computer Simulation of an Electrostatic Spherical Analyser Used as an Energy Spectrograph’, Rev. Sci. Inst. 56, 1320.
Sablik, M. J., Scherrer, J. R., Winningham, J. D., Frahm, R. A., and Schrader, T.: 1990, ‘TFAS (A Tophat for All Species): Design and Computer Optimisation of a New Electrostatic Analyser’, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing GE-28, 1034.
Shah, H. H., Hall, D. S., and Chaloner, C. P.: 1985, ‘The Electron Instrument on the AMPTE UKS’, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, GE-23, 293.
Wilken et al.: 1997, this volume.
Woodliffe, R. D. and Johnstone, A. D.: 1996, in J. Borovsky, R. Pfaff, and D. Young (eds.), The Use of Numerical Simulation in the Design of the Cluster/Peace ‘Top Hat’ Analyser Electron Optics, ‘Measurement Techniques for Space Plasmas’, AGU Geophysical Monograph XX, American Geophysical Union, Washington DC, submitted.
Wooliscroft et al: 1997, this volume.
Wrenn, G. L., Johnson, J. E. R, and Sojka, J. J.: 1981, ‘The Suprathermal Plasma Analysers on the ESA GEOS Satellites’, Space Sci. Inst. 5, 271.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Johnstone, A.D. et al. (1997). Peace: A Plasma Electron and Current Experiment. In: Escoubet, C.P., Russell, C.T., Schmidt, R. (eds) The Cluster and Phoenix Missions. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5666-0_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5666-0_13
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6389-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-5666-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive