Skip to main content

Nitrogen in the rhizosphere

  • Chapter
Nitrogen in Soils of China

Part of the book series: Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences ((DPSS,volume 74))

  • 515 Accesses

Abstract

As a result of its metabolic functions such as exudation of organic and inorganic substances, nutrient and water uptake, and proliferation of microorganisms on the root surface, root growth makes its surrounding microzone differ, both physically, chemically and biologically, from the bulk of the soil. This microzone, which is generally considered to be within 4 mm of the root surface, and accounts for about 1–3% of the volume of the plowed layer, is called the rhizosphere (Liu 1980). However, the zone influenced varies with plant type, the growing period and root development, and may also be influenced by soil properties and nutrient status. Consequently, there is no clearly defined zone for the rhizosphere.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Balandreau, J, Rinaudo, G, Fares-Hamad, I and Dommergues, Y 1975. Nitrogen fixation in the rhizosphere of rice plants. In: Stewart, W D P (ed.), Nitrogen Fixation by Free-Living Micro-organisms. pp. 57–70. Cambridge Univ. Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barber, D A and Gunn, K B 1974. The effect of mechanical forces on the exudation of organic sub-stances by the roots of cereal plants grown under sterile conditions. New Phytol. 73:39–45.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barber, S A 1984. Soil nutrient bioavailability: A mechanistic approach. pp. 95–99. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, P K 1964. Cation-anion relationships in crop nutrition. III. Relationships between the ratios of sum of the cations: sum of the anions and nitrogen concentrations in several plant species. J. Agric. Sci. 63:109–111.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Döbereiner, J 1983. Dinitrogen fixation in rhizosphere and phyllosphere association. In: Lauchli, A and Bieliski, R L (eds.), Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series. pp. 330–350. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fan, X H 1991. H+ exudation from rice and wheat roots in relation to P level in medium. (in Chinese). Acta Phytophysiol. Sin. 17:125–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foster, R C 1981. The ultrastructure and histochemistry of the rhizosphere. New Phytol. 89:263–273.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haller, T and Stolp, H 1985. Quantitative estimation of root exudation of maize plant. Plant Soil. 86:207–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Idris, M, Vinther, F P and Jensen, V 1981. Biological nitrogen fixation associated with roots of field-grown barley. Z. Pflanzenernahr. Bodenkd. 144:385–394.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jungk, A, Claassen, N and Kuchenbuck, R 1982. Potassium depletion of the soil-root interface in rela-tion to soil parameters and root properties. Proc. 9th Intern. Plant Nutrition Colloq., Vol. 1:253.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krotzky, A, Berggold, R, Jaeger, D, Dart, P J and Werner, D 1983. Enhancement of aerobic nitrogenase activity by phenol in soil and the rhizosphere of cereals. Z. Pflanze nernahr. Bodenkd. 146:634–642.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lauchli, A and Bieleski, R L 1983. Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology. New Series. Vol. 12. Inorganic Plant Nutrition. pp. 5–60. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, L M, Zang, S, Zhou, X R and Pan, Y H 1984. Effect of rice root on N loss. (in Chinese). Soils (16):5–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Z Y 1980. Outline of the study on nutrient environment in the soil-root microzone. (in Chinese). Progress in Soil Science (3):1–11.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Z Y and Liu, W L 1962. Effect of soil N supply intensity and its duration on coordinate growth of various organs of rice plant. (in Chinese). Acta Pedol. Sin. 10:145–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Z Y, Luo, Z C, Qin, S W, Shi, W M and Xu, M L 1987. Study on rational application of urea on calcareous soils. In: Studies on the Regional Management Technology System for Huang-Huai-Hai Plains. (in Chinese). pp. 80–88. Science Press, Beijing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Z Y and Qin, S W 1981. The study of nitrogen distribution around rice rhizosphere. In: Institute of Soil Science, Academia Sinica (ed.), Proc. Symp. Paddy Soil. pp. 541–546. Science Press, Beijing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Z Y and Wu, W B 1986. The relationship between the status of rhizosphere pH of different crops and the form of nitrogen fertilizer. In: Soil Sci. Soc. of China (ed.), Current Progress in Soil Research in P R China. pp. 244–253. Jiangsu Sci. and Tech. Pub. House, Nanjing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo, Z C, Tang, Y L and Liu, Z Y 1985. Inhibitory action of NH3 from hydrolyzed urea on plant roots. (in Chinese). Acta Pedol. Sin. 22:56–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marumoto, T 1984. Mineralization of C and N from microbial biomass in paddy soil. Plant Soil. 76:165–173.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mengel, K and Viro, M 1978. The significance of plant energy status for the uptake and incorporation of NH4-N by young rice plants. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 24:407–416.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Millet, E and Feldman, M 1984. Yield response of a common spring wheat cultivar to inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense at various levels of nitrogen fertilization. Plant Soil. 80:255–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • PNGISSAS 1988. (Plant Nutrition Group of Institute of Soil Science, Academia Sinica) (ed.),Rhizosphere Research Method. (in Chinese). Soil Science Society of China. p. 96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Polonenko, D R, Dumbroff, E B and Mayfield, C I 1983. Microbial responses to salt-induced osmotic stress. III. Effect of stress on metabolites in the roots, shoots and rhizosphere of barley. Plant Soil. 73:211–225.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qin, S W and Liu, Z Y 1984. Studies on nutrient status in the soil-root microzone. III. Changes in nitrogen in rice rhizosphere. (in Chinese). Acta Pedol. Sin. 21:238–246.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Qin, S W and Liu, Z Y 1989. Migration regularity of different forms of N in rhizosphere. (in Chinese). Acta Pedol. Sin. 26:117–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ratnayake, M, Leonard, R T and Menge, A 1978. Root exudation in relation to supply of phosphorus and its possible relevance to mycorrhizal infection. New Phytol. 81:543–552.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Riley, D and Barber, S A 1969. Bicarbonate accumulation and pH changes at the soybean root-soil interface. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 33:905–908.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shi, W M and Liu, Z Y 1987. Effect of NH3 and urea on K distribution in root and rhizosphere of maize. Fert. Res. 14:235–244.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sims, G K and Dunigan, E P 1984. Diurnal and seasonal variation in nitrogenase activity (C2H2 reduction) of rice roots. Soil Biol. Biochem. 16:15–18.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • STU and SAS 1978. (Shanghai Teachers University and Shanghai Agricultural School). Physiology of Rice Cultivation. (in Chinese). Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House, Shanghai. pp. 309.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ta, T C and Ohira, K 1982. Comparison of the uptake and assimilation of ammonium and nitrate in Indica and Japonica rice plants using the tracer 15N method. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 28:79–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trolidenier, G 1977. Influence of some environmental factors on nitrogen fixation in the rhizosphere of rice. Plant Soil. 47:203–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wada, G, Shoji, S and Mae, T 1986. Relationship between nitrogen absorption and growth and yield of rice plants. JARQ 20:135–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wan, C B, Wu, J G, Sun, P L and Pan, Z P 1983. Recovery of basal and top-dressed fertilizer-N by single-cropping late rice and the partial efficiency of added N. (in Chinese). Jiangsu Agricultural Science 12:23–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, J L and Liu, Z Y 1990. Chemical behavior of heavy metals in rhizosphere. I. Rhizosphere effect of Cu adsorption in soil. (in Chinese). Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae 11:178–186.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, W B 1986. pH status in rhizosphere soils of different crops and its relation to the form of N fertilizers. (in Chinese). M.Sc. thesis, Institute of Soil Science, Academia Sinica. 51 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yoshida, T and Yoneyama, T 1980. Atmospheric dinitrogen fixation in the flooded rice rhizosphere as determined by the N-15 isotope technique. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr. 26:551–559.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xi, Z B, Bian, Y J, Kuang, A Q, Liu, D B and Liu, M Y 1978. Studies on peak uptake of nutrients by double-cropping rice and on method of applying volatile N fertilizer throughout the plough layer. (in Chinese). Acta Pedol. Sin. 15:113–125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, K H, Yu, Y C, Liang, Y K and Wang, S X 1962. Bacterial Physiology. (in Chinese). p. 16. People’s Hygiene Publishing House, Beijing..

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, Z L, Chen, R Y, Xu, Y F, Xu, Y H and Zhang, S L 1979. The effect of forms and methods of placement of nitrogen fertilizer on the characteristics of the nitrogen supply in paddy soils. (in Chinese). Acta Pedol. Sin. 16:218–233.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Liu, ZY. (1997). Nitrogen in the rhizosphere. In: Zhu, Zl., Wen, Qx., Freney, J.R. (eds) Nitrogen in Soils of China. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences, vol 74. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5636-3_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5636-3_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6376-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-5636-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics