Abstract
In the past, the major indication for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was the relief of acute menopausal symptoms, but more recently it is being used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis [1]. However, the major indication for its use in the future may be the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Stevenson JC, Crook D, Godsland IF. Cardiovascular and skeletal effects of hormone replacement therapy. In: Seymour CA, Weetman AP, editors. Horizons in medicine No. 5. London: Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1994: 92–101.
Gordon T, Kannel WB, Hjortland MC, McNamara PM. Menopause and coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med 1978;89:157–61.
Spencer CP, Cooper AJ, Stevenson JC. Clinical trials in progress with hormone replacement therapy. Exp Opin Invest Drugs 1996;5:739–49.
Hunt K, Vessey M, McPherson K. Mortality in a cohort of long-term users of hormone replacement therapy: An updated analysis. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1990;97:1080–86.
Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA, Willett WC, et al. Postmenopausal estrogen therapy and cardiovascular disease. N Eng J Med 1991;325:756–62.
Henderson BE, Paganini-Hill A, Ross RK. Decreased mortality in users of estrogen replacement therapy. Arch Intern Med 1991;151:75–78.
Finucane FF, Madans JII, Bush TL, et al. Decreased risk of stroke among postmenopausal hormone users. Results from a national cohort. Arch Intern Med 1993;153:73–79.
Falkeborn M, Persson I, Adami H-O, et al. The risk of acute myocardial infarction after oestrogen and oestrogen-progestogen replacement. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1992;99:821–28.
Grodstein F, Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, et al. Postmenopausal estrogen and progestin use and the risk of cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 1996;335:453–61.
Gruchow HW, Anderson AJ, Barboriak JJ, et al. Postmenopausal use of estrogen and occlusion of coronary arteries. Am Heart J 1988;115:954–63.
Hong MK, Romm PA, Reagan K, Green CE, Rackley CE. Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on serum lipid values and angiographically defined coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women. Am J Cardiol 1992;69:176–8.
Sullivan JM, Zwang RV, Hughes JP, et al. Estrogen replacement therapy and coronary artery disease. Arch Intern Med 1990;150:2557–62.
O’Brien JE, Peterson ED, Keeler GP, et al. Relation between estrogen replacement therapy and restenosis after percutaneous coronary interventions. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:1111–8.
Stevenson JC, Crook D, Godsland IF. Influence of age and menopause on serum lipids and lipoproteins in healthy women. Atherosclerosis 1993;98:83–90.
Crook D, Cust MP, Gangar KF, et al. Comparison of transdermal and oral estrogen/progestin hormone replacement therapy: effects on serum lipids and lipoproteins. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;166:950–55.
Westerveld HT, Kock LAW, van Rijn JM, Erkelens DW, de Bruin TWA. 17 β-estradiol improves postprandial lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1995;80:249–53.
Sack MN, Rader DJ, Cannon RO. Oestrogen and inhibition of oxidation of low-density lipoproteins in postmenopausal women. Lancet 1994;343:269–70.
Godsland IF, Stevenson JC. Insulin resistance: Syndrome or tendency? Lancet 1995;346:100–3.
Stevenson JC. The metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of HRT. Br J Clin Pract 1995;49:87–90
Collins P, Rosano GMC, Sarrel PM, et al. 17 β-estradiol attentuates acetylcholine-induced coronary arterial constriction in women but not men with coronary heart disease. Circulation 1995;92:24–30.
Jiang C, Poole-Wilson PA, Sarrel PM, et al. Effect of 17 β-oestradiol on contraction, Ca2+ current and intracellular free Ca2+ in guinea-pig isolated cardiac myocytes. Br J Pharmacol 1992;106:739–45.
Proudler AJ, Ahmed AIH, Crook D, Fogelman I, Rymer JM, Stevenson JC. Hormone replacement therapy and scrum angiotensin-converting-enzyme activity in postmenopausal women. Lancet 1995;346:89–90.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stevenson, J.C. (1997). HRT and the Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease. In: Paoletti, R., Crosignani, P.G., Kenemans, P., Samsioe, G., Soma, M.R., Jackson, A.S. (eds) Women’s Health and Menopause. Medical Science Symposia Series, vol 11. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5560-1_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5560-1_19
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6343-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-5560-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive