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Genome Structure and Function pp 111–126Cite as

Nucleosome and Chromatin Structures and Functions

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Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASHT,volume 31))

Abstract

The diploid human genome contains 6x109bp of DNA of total length 2.04 m packaged into cell nuclei 6-8 µm in diameter. Despite decades of intensive research we are still far from understanding the rules that govern the packaging of these enormously long eukaryotic DNA molecules into chromosomes and cell nuclei. Some answers will come from the sequence data generated by the Human Genome Project, particularly the identification of sequence motifs involved in both the long range organization of chromosomes and in nuclear architecture. Such sequence motifs probably bind to proteins in the chromosomal scaffold, the nuclear matrix and nuclear membrane. How chromosome organization and nuclear architecture are involved in chromosome function is not well understood. In an attractive working model for long-range order in metaphase chromosomes the DNA is constrained by scaffold proteins into loops of average size 50 kbps [1]. These loops are packaged by the histones H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 into nucleosomes and higher order chromatin structures.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry Hugh Robson Building George Square, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, Scotland, UK

    Sari Pennings

  2. Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS, M888, USA

    E. Morton Bradbury

  3. Los Alamos, New Mexico, 87545, USA

    E. Morton Bradbury

  4. Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine UC-Davis Davis, California, 95616, USA

    E. Morton Bradbury

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  1. Sari Pennings
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  2. E. Morton Bradbury
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  1. Institute of Biophysics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy

    Claudio Nicolini

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© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Pennings, S., Bradbury, E.M. (1997). Nucleosome and Chromatin Structures and Functions. In: Nicolini, C. (eds) Genome Structure and Function. NATO ASI Series, vol 31. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5550-2_5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5550-2_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6338-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-5550-2

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