Abstract
The use of shared resources is a major problem occurring in discrete event (DE) systems, including manufacturing systems, computer systems, communication systems, highway/vehicle systems, and others. The issues involve problems of assignment of resources when the same resources are simultaneously requested by more than one job. Failure to suitably assign, or dispatch, resources in such situations can have serious deleterious effects on system performance, resulting in extreme cases in system deadlock [7]. Computer operating systems engineers and industrial engineers have used the concepts of circular wait (CW) and circular blocking in analysis of such phenomena [41, 24]. Various concepts in Petri nets (PN) are extremely useful for dealing with deadlock and a great deal of research has been done from the PN point of view (see references, especially [11, 14, 19]). The PN approaches are often based on the notion of the siphon, which indeed is called a “deadlock” in some works [26]. Unfortunately, it is known that many problems in scheduling, dispatching, and deadlock analysis are NP-hard [12], so that significant increases in computing power do not significantly improve computational ability. Neither PN nor CW approaches have addressed this issue.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
E.R. Boer and T. Murata, “Generating basis siphons and traps of Petri nets using the sign incidence matrix,” IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 266–271, April 1994.
T.B. Boffey, (1982), Graph Theory in Operations Research, Macmillan, London.
J.A. Buzacott and D.D. Yao, “Flexible manufacturing systems: a review of analytical models,” Management Sci., vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 890–905, Jul 1986.
C.G. Cassandras, Discrete Event Systems, Aksen Assoc. Inc., Boston, 1993.
C.L.P. Chen and C. Wichman, “A CLIPS rule-based planning system for mechanical assembly,” Proc. NSF DMS Conf., pp. 837–841, Atlanta, 1992.
G. Cohen, D. Dubois, J.P Quadrat, and M. Viot, “A linear-system-theoretic view of discrete-event processes and its use for performance evaluation in manufacturing,” IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, vol. AC-30, no. 3, pp. 210–220, Mar. 1985.
H.M. Deitel, An Introduction to Operating Systems, chap. 6, Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1984.
A.A. Desrochers, Modeling and Control of Automated Manufacturing Systems, IEEE Computer Society Press, 1990.
E.A. Elsayed and T.O. Boucher, Analysis and Control of Production Systems, 2nd ed., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1994.
S.D. Eppinger, D.E. Whitney, and R.P. Smith, “Organizing the tasks in complex design projects,” Proc. ASME Int. Conf. Design Theory and Methodology, pp. 39–46, Sep. 1990.
J. Ezpeleta, J.M. Colom, and J. Martinez, “A Petri net based deadlock prevention policy for flexible manufacturing systems,” IEEE Trans. Robotics and Automation, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 173–184, Apr. 1995.
M.R. Garey, and D.S. Johnson, Computers and Intractability: a Guide to the Theory of N P-completeness. Freeman, San Francisco, CA, 1979.
D. Gračanin, P. Srinivasan, K. Valavanis, “Parametrized Petri nets: properties and applications to automated manufacturing systems,” Proc. IEEE Mediterranean Symp. New Directions in Control and Automation, pp. 48–55, June 1994.
A. Giirel, O.C. Pastravanu, and F.L. Lewis, “A robust approach in deadlock-free and live FMS design,” Proc. IEEE Mediterranean Symp. New Directions in Control and Automation, pp. 40–47, June 1994.
Y.C. Ho and X. Cao, Perturbation Analysis of Discrete Event Systems, Kluwer, Boston, 1991.
H.-H. Huang (1995), Reconfigurable Intelligent Control for Reentrant Flow and Job Shops, Ph.D. Thesis, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019.
H. Huang, F.L. Lewis, O.C. Pastravanu, and A. Gürel, “Flowshop scheduling design in an FMS matrix framework,” Control Engineering Practice, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 561–568, 1995.
M.D. Jeng and F. DiCesare, “A synthesis method for Petri net modeling of automated manufacturing systems with shared resources,” Proc. IEEE Conf. Decision and Control, pp. 1184–1189, Dec. 1992.
M.D. Jeng and F. DiCesare, “Synthesis using resource control nets for modeling shared-resource systems,” IEEE Trans. Robotics and Automation, vol. 11, no 3, pp. 317–327, June 1995.
E. Kasturia, F. DiCesare, A. Desrochers, “Real time control of multilevel manufacturing systems using colored petri nets,” Proc. IEEE Conf. Robotics Automat., pp. 1114–1119, 1988.
M. Klein, “Supporting conflict resolution in cooperative design system,” IEEE Trans. Sys., Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 1379–1390, Nov./Dec. 1991.
B.H. Krogh and L.E. Holloway, “Synthesis of feedback control logic for discrete manufacturing systems,” Automatica, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 641–651, July 1991.
P.R. Kumar and S.P. Meyn, “Stability of queueing networks and scheduling policies,” Proc. IEEE Conf. Decision and Control, pp. 2730–2735, Dec. 1993.
T.K. Kumaran, W. Chang, N. Cho, R.A. Wysk, (1994), “A structured approach to deadlock detection, avoidance, and resolution in flexible manufacturing systems,” Int. J. Prod. Res., vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 2361–2379.
A. Kusiak, “Intelligent scheduling of automated machining systems,” in Intelligent Design and Manufacturing, ed. A. Kusiak, New York: Wiley, 1992.
K. Lauterbach, “Linear algebraic calculation of deadlocks and traps,” Concurrency and Nets, ed. K. Voss and H.J. Genrich, Springer-Verlag, 1987.
F.L. Lewis, O.C. Pastravanu, and H.-H. Huang, “Controller design and conflict resolution for discrete event manufacturing systems,” Proc. IEEE Conf. Decision and Control, pp. 3288–3293, San Antonio, Dec. 1993.
F. L. Lewis, H.-H. Huang, D. Tacconi, A. Giirel, and O.C. Pastravanu, “Analysis of deadlocks and circular waits using a matrix model for discrete event systems,” submitted, 1996.
S.H. Lu and P.R. Kumar, “Distributed scheduling based on due dates and buffer priorities,” IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, vol. 36, no. 12, pp. 1406–1416, Dec. 1991.
P.B. Luh and D.J. Hoitomt, “Scheduling of manufacturing systems using the Lagrangian relaxation technique,” IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, vol. 38, no. 7, July 1993.
T. Murata, “Petri nets: properties, analysis and applications,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 77, no. 4, pp. 541–580, Apr. 1989.
T. Murata, N. Komoda, K. Matsumoto, and K. Haruna, “A Petri net-based controller for flexible and maintanable sequence control and its applications in factory automation,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electronics, vol. IE-33, no. 1, pp. 1–8, Feb. 1986.
S.S. Panwalker and W. Iskander, “A survey of scheduling rules,” Operations Research, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 45–61, Jan.-Feb. 1977.
Peterson, J.L. (1981), Petri Net Theory and the Modeling of Systems, Prentice-Hall, Engle-wood Cliffs, NJ.
P.J. Ramadge and W.M. Wonham, “The control of discrete event systems,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 77, pp. 81–98, 1989.
M.L. Spearman, D.L. Woodruff, and W.J. Hopp, “CONWIP: a pull alternative to kanban,” Int. J. Prod. Res., vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 879–894, 1990.
D.V. Steward, “On an approach to techniques for the analysis of the structure of large systems of equations,” SIAM Review, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 321–342, Oct. 1962.
D.A. Tacconi,, F.L. Lewis, and H.-H. Huang, “Modeling and simulation of discrete event systems using a matrix formulation,” Proc. IEEE Mediterranean Symp. Control and Automation, pp. 590–594, Crete, June 1996.
J.N. Warfield, “Binary matrices in system modeling,” IEEE Trans. Systems, Man, Cybern., vol. SMC-3, no. 5, pp. 441–449, Sept. 1973.
J. Wolter, S. Chakrabarty, and J. Tsao, “Methods of knowledge representation for assembly planning,” Proc. NSF Design and Manuf. Sys. Conf., pp. 463–468, Jan. 1992.
R.A. Wysk, N.S. Yang, and S. Joshi, “Detection of deadlocks in flexible manufacturing cells,” IEEE Trans. Robotics and Automation, vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 853–859, 1991.
M.-C. Zhou, F. DiCesare, A.D. Desrochers, “A hybrid methodology for synthesis of Petri net models for manufacturing systems,” IEEE Trans. Robotics and Automation, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 350–361, Jun. 1992.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lewis, F.L., Tacconi, D., Gürel, A., Huang, HH., Pastravanu, O.C. (1997). Manufacturing Controller Design and Deadlock Avoidance Using a Matrix Model for Discrete Event Systems. In: Tzafestas, S.G. (eds) Methods and Applications of Intelligent Control. Microprocessor-Based and Intelligent Systems Engineering, vol 16. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5498-7_17
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5498-7_17
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6314-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-5498-7
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive