Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory disease, the dominant clinical feature of which is symmetrical polyarticular synovitis. Characteristic histopathological changes include infiltration of synovial tissues with mononuclear inflammatory cells, marked proliferation of synovial lining cells and sub-lining fibroblast-like cells and genesis of new supporting blood vessels. Inflammation of synovial tissue causes pain and swelling of joints. Proliferative synovia erode articular cartilage and juxta-articular bone. Although the aetiology of RA is not known, the pathogenesis involves complex interactions between cells of the immune system and resident cells of the synovia. A number of mediators, including cytokines, growth factors and eicosanoids, produced by infiltrating mononuclear cells as well as by endothelial cells and fibroblast-like cells (synoviocytes), contribute to the proliferative and invasive phenotype of inflamed synovial tissues in RA.
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Crofford, L.J. (1996). Expression and regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 in synovial tissues of arthritic patients. In: Bazan, N., Botting, J., Vane, J. (eds) New Targets in Inflammation. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5386-7_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5386-7_10
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
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