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Relationship between Large-, Meso-, and Small-Scale Field-Aligned Currents and their Current Carriers

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Polar Cap Boundary Phenomena

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASIC,volume 509))

Abstract

Carriers of the dayside large-scale field-aligned currents (FACs) are discussed. Since the gyro-radius of the current carriers are smaller than the size of small-scale FACs (a pair of upward and downward FACs associated with inverted-V potential structure as shown in Figure 1), the current carriers of large-scale FAC could be controlled by small-scale (and hence meso-scale) FACs. We restrict the discussion to only a few regions.

  1. (1)

    Although the current carries are electrons in most cases, the framework of the large-scale FAC system is sometimes determined by positive ions, especially in the cusp.

  2. (2)

    There is a dawn-dusk asymmetry in the relationship between the large-scale FACs and the current carriers. A substantial fraction of the Region-1 FAC is probably composed of many small-scale paired FACs which are associated with the inverted-V structure (see Figure 1), whereas the Region-2 FAC is carried by CPS electrons in the morning sector and by thermal electrons in the afternoon sector.

  3. (3)

    Meso-scale FAC is formed by individual ion injections, but it has no relation to the large-scale FACs even inside the cusp region. Thus the large-scale cusp FACs (and the cusp itself) are formed by a steady mechanism but not by the meso-scale injections such is FIEs. This rules out the FTE cusp model.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IRF-Kiruna, Box 812, S-98128, Kiruna, Sweden

    M. Yamauchi, R. Lundin & L. Eliasson

  2. JHU/APL, Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD, 20723-6099, USA

    S. Ohtani

  3. NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA

    J. H. Clemmons

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  1. M. Yamauchi
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  1. University Courses on Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway

    J. Moen

  2. Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    A. Egeland

  3. Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Oxfordshire, UK

    M. Lockwood

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Yamauchi, M., Lundin, R., Eliasson, L., Ohtani, S., Clemmons, J.H. (1998). Relationship between Large-, Meso-, and Small-Scale Field-Aligned Currents and their Current Carriers. In: Moen, J., Egeland, A., Lockwood, M. (eds) Polar Cap Boundary Phenomena. NATO ASI Series, vol 509. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5214-3_14

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