Abstract
The invasion of the body by micro-organisms results in a complex response from the host. The simplest components of the response include chemicals such as compliment which act as a general disinfectant. They are toxic to bacteria, fungi etc. However some bacteria are able to develop a cell wall which acts as armour and are able to resist such attacks. Therefore some developed cells such as the natural killer (NK) macrophage will, if encountering an invading bacterium, phagocytose the invader and attempt to digest it. Again some bacteria are resistant to this approach and it is unhelpful for viruses. There has developed a complex system of proteins which are able to identify that an organism is invading and ensure that it is attacked. These protein consist of two pairs of poly-peptide chains one shorter than the other. The proteins, immunoglobulin are produced by a different cell line of T-lymphocytes. Each set of immunoglobulin identify a different antigen. This antigen is a group of molecules, normally a group of proteins or carbohydrates on the surface of bacteria, fungi or viruses. When this antigen is presented then these immunoglobulin, or antibodies, cause stimulation of the particular clone of T-lymphocytes which will cause an explosive increase in the production of antibodies of exactly the same pattern to help identify and neutralise similar invading micro-organisms. These antibodies are able to activate and stimulate other macrophages and these cells via chemical messages recruit further cells involved in the destruction of invading microorganisms to the are of infection. At the site of local infection release of histamine and slow releasing substance (SRS) results in capillary dilatation and leakage from the capillary wall of both cellular and the non-cellular elements involved in the bodies response to infection. These responses result in the classical triad of signs in focal infection, heat, swelling and redness (rubor).
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Buscombe, J.R. (1998). Imaging Infection in Patients with Immunodeficiency and Multi-Organ Failure. In: Cox, P.H., Buscombe, J.R. (eds) The Imaging of Infection and Inflammation. Developments in Nuclear Medicine, vol 31. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4990-7_7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4990-7_7
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