Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Gene knockout animal models

  • Chapter
Liver Growth and Repair

  • 240 Accesses

Abstract

Mouse lines carrying specific mutations in their genomes can be obtained using targeted recombination in murine embryonic stem (ES) cells. This is a powerful method for studying the significance of gene products both in vivo, in the whole animal, and in vitro, at the cellular level using cultures derived from the knockout mice. In addition, ES cells can be made that are homozygous for a particular mutation. Because ES cells can differentiate into various cell types in vitro, a variety of developmental and differentiated genes can be examined in mutant ES cell lines. Both loss-of-function (ablation of gene function) and gain-of-function (acquisition of a new activity conferred by mutation) are possible using this technique of gene targeting by homologous recombination in ES cells.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Adachi, M., Suematsu, S., Kondo, T. et al. (1995) Targeted mutation in the Fas gene causes hyperplasia in peripheral lymphoid organs and liver. Nature Genetics, 11, 294–300.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alam, T., An, M.R. and Papaconstantinou, J. (1992) Differential expression of three C/EBP isoforms in multiple tissues during the acute phase response. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 267, 5021–5024.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ang, S.L. and Rossant, J. (1994) HNF-3β is essential for node and notochord formation in mouse development. Cell, 78, 561–574.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ang, S.L., Weirda, A., Wong, D. et al. (1993) The formation and maintenance of the definitive endoderm lineage in the mouse: involvement of HNF3/Forkhead proteins. Development, 119, 1301–1315.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Angel, P. and Karin, M. (1991) The role of Jun, Fos and the AP-1 complex in cell-proliferation and transformation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1072, 129–157.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Babajko, S. and Groyer, A. (1993) Interplay of the liver-enriched trans-acting factors, DBP and HNF 1, in the transactivation of human IGFBP-1 promoter. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 196, 480–486.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beg, A.A. and Baldwin, A.S. Jr (1993) The I kappa B proteins: multifunctional regulators of Rel/NF-kappa B transcription factors. Genes and Development, 7, 2064–2070.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beg, A.A., Sha, W.C., Bronson, R.T. et al. (1995) Embryonic lethality and liver degeneration in mice lacking the RelA component of NF-kappa B. Nature, 376, 167–170.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ben Ze’ev, A., Robinson, G.S., Bucher, N.L.R. and Farmer, S.R. (1988) Cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions differentially regulate the expression of hepatic and cytoskeletal genes in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Proceedings of the National Acadency of Sciences USA, 85, 2161–2165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Birkenmeier, E.H., Gwynn, B., Howard, S. et al. (1989) Tissue-specific expression, developmental regulation, and genetic mapping of the gene encoding CCAAT/ enhancer binding protein. Genes and Development, 3, 1146–1156.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bourtchuladze, R., Frenguelli, B., Blendy, J. et al. (1994) Deficient long-term memory in mice with a targeted mutation of the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein. Cell, 79, 59–68.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bronson, S.K. and Smithies, O. (1994) Minireview: Altering mice by homologous recombination using embryonic stem cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 269, 27155–27158.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caron, J.M. (1990) Induction of albumin gene transcription in hepatocytes by extracellular matrix proteins. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 10, 1239–1243.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carrasco, D., Ryseck, R.P. and Bravo, R. (1993) Expression of relB transcripts during lymphoid organ development: specific expression in dendritic antigen-presenting cells. Development, 118, 1221–1231.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cascio, S. and Zaret, K.S. (1991) Hepatocyte differentiation initiates during endodermal-mesenchymal interactions prior to liver formation. Development, 113, 217–225.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chandrasekaran, C. and Gordon, J.I. (1993) Cell lineage-specific and differentiation-dependent patterns of CCAAT/ enhancer binding protein a expression in the gut epithelium of normal and transgenic mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 90, 8871–8875.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, W.S., Manova, K., Weinstein, D.C. et al. (1994) Disruption of the HNF-4 gene, expressed in visceral endoderm, leads to cell death in embryonic ectoderm and impaired gastrulation of mouse embryos. Genes and Development, 8, 2466–2477.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Costa, R.H., Grayson, D. and Darnell, J.E. Jr (1989) Multiple hepatocyte enriched nuclear factors function in the regulation of transthyretin and α1-antitrypsin genes. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 9, 1415–1425.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dabeva, M.D., Hurston, E. and Sharitz, D.A. (1995) Transcription factor and liver-specific mRNA expression in faculative epithelial progenitor cells of liver and pancreas. American Journal of Pathology, 147, 1633–1648.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Diehl, A.M. and Yang S.Q. (1993) Regenerative changes in C/EBPα and C/EBPβ expression modulate binding to the C/EBP Site in the c-fos promoter. Hepatology, 19, 447–456.

    Google Scholar 

  • DiPersio, C.M., Jackson, D.A. and Zaret, K.S. (1991) The extracellular matrix coordinately modulates liver transcription factors and hepatocyte morphology. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 11, 4405–4414.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dobrzanski, P., Ryseck R.P. and Bravo, R. (1994) Differential interactions of Rel-NF-Kappa B complexes with I kappa B alpha determine pools of constitutive and inducible NF-kappa B activity. EMBO Journal, 13, 4608–4616.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duncan, S.A., Nagy, A. and Chan, W. (1997) Murine gastrulation requires HNF-4 regulated gene expression in the visceral endoderm: tetraploid rescue of Hnf-4 (-/-) embryos. Development, 124, 279–287.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fassler, R. and Meyer, M. Consequences of lack of beta 1 integrin gene expression in mice. Genes and Development, 9, 1896–1908.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fausto, N. and Webber, E.M. (1994) Liver regeneration, in The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology, 3rd edn, (eds I.M. Arias, J.L. Boyer and N. Fausto), Raven Press, New York, pp. 1059–1084.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foulkes, N.S., Borrelli, E. and Sassone Corsi, P. (1991) CREM gene: use of alternative DNA-binding domains generates multiple antagonists of cAMP-induced transcription. Cell, 64, 739–749.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frank, D.A. and Greenberg M.E. (1994) CREB: a mediator of long-term memory from mollusks to mammals. Cell, 79, 5–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gregori, C., Kahn, A. and Pichard, A.L. (1993) Competition between transcription factors HNF1 and HNF3, and alternative cell-specific activation by DBP and C/EBP contribute to the regulation of the liver-specific aldolase B promoter. Nucleic Acids Research, 21, 897–903.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Grompe, M., Al-Dhalimy, M., Finegold, M. et al. (1993) Loss of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase is responsible for the neonatal hepatic dysfunction phenotype of lethal albino mice. Genes and Development, 7, 2298–2307.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haas, N.B., Cantwell, C.A., Johnson, P.F. and Burch, J.B. (1995) DNA-binding specificity of the PAR basic leucine zipper protein VBP partially overlaps those of the C/EBP and CREB/ATF families and is influenced by domains that flank the core basic region. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 15, 1923–1932.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hai, T., Liu, F., Coukos, W.J. and Green, M.R. (1989) Transcription factor ATF cDNA clones: an extensive family of leucine zipper proteins able to selectively form DNA-binding heterodimers. Genes and Development, 3, 2083–2090.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanks, M., Wurst, W., Anson-Cartwright, L. et al. (1995) Rescue of the En-1 mutant phenotype by replacement of En-1 with En-2. Science, 269, 679–682.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hasty, P. and Bradley, A. (1993) Gene targeting vectors for mammalian cells, in Gene Targeting: A Practical Approach (ed A.L. Joyner), Oxford University Press Inc., New York, pp. 1–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hentsch, B., Lyons, I., Li, R. et al. (1996) Hlx homeo box gene is essential for an inductive tissue interaction that drives expansion of embryonic liver and gut. Genes and Development, 10, 70–79.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hilberg, F., Aguzzi, A., Howells, N. and Wagner E.F. (1993) c-Jun is essential for normal mouse development and hepatogenesis. Nature, 365, 179–181.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hully, J.R., Chang, L., Schwall, R.H. et al. (1994) Induction of apoptosis in the murine liver with recombinant human activin A. Hepatology, 20, 854–862.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hummler, E., Cole, T.J., Blendy, J.A. et al. (1994) Targeted mutation of the CREB gene: compensation within the CREB/ATF family of transcription factors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 91, 5647–5651.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hynes, R.O. (1992) Integrins: versatility, modulation, and signaling in cell adhesion. Cell, 69, 11–25.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.S., Spiegelman, B.M. and Papaioannou, V. (1992) Pleiotropid effects of a null mutation in the c-fos proto-oncogene. Cell, 71, 577–586.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, R.S., van Lingen, B., Papaioannou, V.E. and Spiegelman, B.M. (1993) A null mutation at the c-jun locus causes embryonic lethality and retarded cell growth in culture. Genes and Development, 7, 1309–1317.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaestner, K.H., Blendy, J.A. and Schutz, G. (1995) Inactivation of the Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-3 (HNF-3) Alpha and Gamma Genes Through Gene Targeting. [Abstract] Liver Development, Gene Regulation and Disease May:7

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaestner, K.H., Lee, K.H., Schlondorff, J. et al. (1993) Six members of the mouse forkhead gene family are developmentally regulated. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 90, 7628–7631.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klement, J.F., Rice, N.R., Car, B.D. et al. (1996) IkappaBalpha deficiency results in a sustained NF-kappaB response and severe widespread dermatitis in mice. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 16, 2341–2349.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laberge, C., Lescault, A. and Tanguay, R.M. (1986) Hereditary tyrosinemias (type I): a new vista on tyrosine toxicity and cancer. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 206, 209–221.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lai, E., Prezioso, V.R., Smith E. et al. (1990) HNF-3A, a hepatocyte-enriched transcription factor of novel structure is regulated transcriptionally. Genes and Development, 4, 1427–1436.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lai, E., Prezioso, V.R., Tao, W. et al. (1991) Hepatocyte nuclear factor 3a belongs to a gene family in mammals that is homologous to the Drosophila homeotic gene fork head. Genes and Development, 5, 416–427.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lavery, D.J. and Schibier, U. (1993) Circadian transcription of the cholesterol 7 alpha hydroxylase gene may involve the liver-enriched bZIP protein DBP. Genes and Development, 7, 1871–1884.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lawson, K.A., Meneses, J.J. and Pederson, R.A. (1991) Clonal analysis of epiblast fate during germ layer formation in the mouse embryo. Development, 113, 891–911.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee Y.H., Alberta, J.A., Gonzalez, F.J. and Waxman, D.J. (1994) Multiple, functional DBP sites on the promoter of the cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase P450 gene, CYP7. Proposed role in diurnal regulation of liver gene expression. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 269, 14681–14689.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lints, T.J., Hartley, L., Parsons, L.M. and Harvey R.P. (1996) Mesoderm-specific expression of the divergent homeobox gene Hlx during murine embryogenes. Dev Dyn, 205, 457–470.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, J.K., DiPersio, C.M. and Zaret, K.S. (1991) Extracellular signals that regulate liver transcription factors during hepatic differentiation in vitro. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 11, 773–7

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McGinnis, W. and Krumlauf, R. (1992) Homeobox genes and axial patterning. Cell, 68, 283–302.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mansour, S.L., Thomas, K.R. and Capecchi, M.R. (1988) Disruption of the proto-oncogene int-2 in mouse embryo-derived stem cells: a general strategy for targeting mutations to non-selectable genes. Nature, 336, 348–352.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matzuk, M.M., Finegold, M.J., Su, J.G.J. et al. (1992) α-Inhibin is a tumour-suppressor gene with gonadal specificity in mice. Nature, 360, 313–319.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matzuk, M.M., Finegold, M.J., Mather, J.P. et al. (1994) Development of cancer cachexia-like syndrome and adrenal tumors in inhibin-deficient mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 91, 8817–8821.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matzuk, M.M., Kumar T.R., Vassalli, A. et al. (1995) Functional analysis of activins during mammalian development. Nature, 374, 354–356.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mauad, T.H., Van Nieuwkerk, C.M.J., Dingemans, K.P. et al. (1994) Animal model: mice with homozygous disruption of the mdr2 p-glycoprotein gene. A novel animal model for studies of nonsuppurative inflammatory cholangitis and hepatocarcinogenesis. American Journal of Pathology, 145, 1237–1245.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Meunier, H., Rivier, C., Evans, R.M. and Vale, W. (1988) Gonadal and extragonadal expression of inhibin alpha, beta A, and beta B subunits in various tissues predicts diverse functions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 85, 247–251.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mischoulon, D., Rana, B., Bucher, N.L. and Farmer, S.R. (1992) Growth-dependent inhibition of CCAAT enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPα) gene expression during hepatocyte proliferation in the regenerating liver and in culture. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 12, 2553–2560.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Montoliu, L., Blendy, J.A., Cole, T.J. and Schutz, G. (1994) Analysis of the cAMP response on liver-specific gene expression in transgenic mice. Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology, 8, 138–146.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mueller, C.R., Maire, P. and Schibler, U. (1990) DBP, a liver-enriched transcriptional activator, is expressed late in ontogeny and its tissue specificity is determined posttranscriptionally. Cell, 61, 279–291.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nagata, S. and Golstein, P. (1995) The Fas death factor. Science, 267, 1449–1456.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ooij, C.V., Snyder, R.C., Paeper, B.W. and Duester, G. (1992) Temporal expression of the human alcohol dehydrogenase gene family during liver development correlates with differential promoter activation by hepatocyte nuclear factor 1, CCAAT/ enhancer-binding protein alpha, liver activator protein, and D-element-binding protein. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 12, 3023–3031.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ori, A. and Shaul, Y. (1995) Hepatitis B virus enhancer binds and is activated by the hepatocyte nuclear factor 3. Virology, 207, 98–106.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Papaioannou, V. and Johnson, R. (1993) Production of chimeras and genetically defined offspring from targeted ES cells, in Gene Targeting: A Practical Approach (ed A.L. Joyner), Oxford University Press Inc. New York, pp. 107–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papavassiliou, A.G. (1994) The CREB/ATF family of transcription factors: modulation by reversible phosphorylation. Anticancer Research, 14, 1801–1806.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pontoglio, M., Barra, J., Hadchouel, M. et al. (1996) Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 inactivation results in hepatic dysfunction, phenylketonuria, and renal Fanconi syndrome. Cell, 84, 575–585.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ramirez Solis, R., Rivera Perez, J., Wallace, J.D. et al. (1992) Genomic DNA microextraction: a method to screen numerous samples. Analytical Biochemistry, 201, 331–335.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roesler, W.J., McFie, P.J. and Dauvin, C. (1992) The liver-enriched transcription factor D-site binding protein activates the promoter of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene in hepatoma cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 267, 21235–21243.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Russo, P. and O’Regan, S. (1990) Visceral pathology of hereditary tyrosinemia type I. American Journal of Human Genetics, 47, 317–324.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schibler, U., Lopez Molina, L., Fonjallaz, P. et al. (1995) The role of leucine-zipper transcription factors in circadian gene expression. [Abstract] Liver Development, Gene Regulation and Disease 1995; May: 15

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwall, R.H., Robbins, K., Jardieu, P. et al. (1993) Activin induces cell death inhepatocytes in vivo and in vitro. Hepatology, 18, 347–356.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Screpanti, I., Romani, L., Musiani, P. et al. (1995) Lymphoproliferative disorder and imbalanced T-helper response in C/EBPβ-deficient mice. EMBO Journal, 14, 1932–1941.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sha, W.C., Liou, H.C., Tuomanen E.I., and Baltimore, D. (1995) Targeted disruption of the p50 subunit of NF-κB leads to multifocal defects in immune responses. Cell, 80, 321–330.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smit, J.J.M., Schinkel, A.H., Oude Elferink, R.P.J. et al. (1993) Homozygous disruption of the murine mdr2 p-glycoprotein gene leads to a complete absence of phospholipid from bile and to liver disease. Cell, 75, 451–462.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stephens, L.E., Sutherland, A.E., Klimanskaya, I.V. et al. (1995) Deletion of beta 1 integrins in mice results in inner cell mass failure and peri-implantation lethality. Genes and Development, 9, 1883–1895.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, T., Akira, S., Yoshida, K. et al. (1995) Targeted disruption of the NF-IL6 gene discloses its essential role in bacteria killing and tumor cytotoxicity by macrophages. Cell, 80, 353–361.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tanguay, R.M., Valet, J.P., Lescault, A. et al. (1990) Different molecular basis for fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase deficiency in the two clinical forms of hereditary tyrosinemia (type I). American Journal of Human Genetics, 47, 308–316.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thanos, D. and Maniatis, T. (1995) NF-κB: a lesson in family values. Cell, 80, 529–532.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vale, W., Rivier, C., Hsueh, A. et al. (1988) Chemical and biological characterization of the inhibin family of protein hormones. Recent Progress in Hormone Research, 44, 1–34.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, N.D., Finegold, M.J., Bradley, A. et al. (1995) Impaired energy homeostasis in C/EBP alpha knock-out mice. Science, 269, 1108–1112.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe, M., Osada, J, Aratani, Y. et al. (1995) Mice deficient in cystathionine β-synthase: animal models for mild and severe homocyst(e)inemia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 92, 1585–1589.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weigel, D. and Jackie, H. (1990) The fork head domain: a novel DNA binding motif of eukaryotic transcription factors. Cell, 63, 455–456.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weih, F., Carrasco, D., Durham, S.K. et al. (1995) Multiorgan inflammation and hematopoietic abnormalities in mice with a targeted disruption of RelB, a member of the NF-κB /Rel family. Cell, 80, 331–340.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weih, F., Durham, S.K., Barton, D.S. et al. (1996) Both multiorgan inflammation and myeloid hyperplasia in RelB-deficient mice are T cell dependent. Journal of Immunology, 157, 3974–3979.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weinstein, D.C., Altaba, A.R.I., Chen, W.C. et al. (1994) The winged-helix transcription factor HNF-3β is required for notochord development in the mouse embryo. Cell, 78, 575–588.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Witsch, D. and Schutz, G. (1993) The distal enhancer implicated in the developmental regulation of the tyrosine aminotransferase gene is bound by liver-specific and ubiquitous factors. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 13, 4494–5044.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wuarin, J. and Schibler, U. (1990) Expression of the liver-enriched transcriptional activator protein DBP follows a stringent circadian rhythm. Cell, 63, 1257–1266.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wuarin, J., Falvey, E., Lavery, D. et al. (1992) The role of the transcriptional activator protein DBP in circadian liver gene expression. Journal of Cell Science Supplement, 16, 123–127.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wurst, W. and Joyner, A.L. (1993) Production of targeted embryonic stem cell clones, in Gene Targeting: A Practical Approach (ed A.L. Joyner), Oxford University Press Inc., New York, pp. 33–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xanthopoulos, K.G. and Mirkovitch, J. (1993) Gene regulation in rodent hepatocytes during development, differentiation and disease. European Journal of Biochemistry, 216, 353–360.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xanthopoulos, K.G., Mirkovitch, J., Decker, T. et al. (1989) Cell-specific transcriptional control of the mouse DNA-binding protein mC/EBP. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 86, 4117–4121.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zaret, K.S. (1994) Genetic control of hepatocyte differentiation, in The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology, 3rd edn (eds I.M. Arias, J.L. Boyer, N. Fausto et al.), Raven Press Ltd, New York, pp. 53–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhong, W., Sladek, F.M. and Darnell, J.E. Jr (1993) The expression pattern of a Drosophila homolog to the mouse transcritpion factor HNF-4 suggests a determinative role in gut formation. EMBO Journal, 12, 537–544.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhong, W., Mirkovitch, J. and Darnell, J.E. Jr (1994) Tissue-specific regulation of mouse hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 expression. Molecular and Cellular Biology, 14, 7276–7284.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

    Bonnie Burgess-Beusse & Gretchen J. Darlington

  2. Departments of Pediatrics, Houston, Texas, USA

    Humberto E. Soriano & Gretchen J. Darlington

  3. Departments of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

    Gretchen J. Darlington

Authors
  1. Bonnie Burgess-Beusse
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Humberto E. Soriano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Gretchen J. Darlington
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Alastair Strain Anne Mae Diehl

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Burgess-Beusse, B., Soriano, H.E., Darlington, G.J. (1998). Gene knockout animal models. In: Strain, A., Diehl, A.M. (eds) Liver Growth and Repair. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4932-7_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4932-7_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6069-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4932-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation