Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Concepts in Photobiology pp 221–262Cite as

Function and Molecular Genetics of Photosystem I

  • Chapter

Summary

Photosystem I functions as plastocyanin: ferredoxin oxidoreductase in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. It contains the photosynthetic pigments and five electron transfer centers (A0, A1, Fx, FA, and FB) that are bound to the PsaA. PsaB, and PsaC proteins. In addition, photosystem I contains at least eight other polypeptides that are accessory in their functions. Recent X-ray crystallography of photosystem I from cyanobacteria at 4 Å resolution has revealed its structure and overall organization. Application of molecular genetics has now become indispensable to determine the role of individual amino acid that provide precise environment for the cofactors to function in efficient transfer of energy and electrons. In this review, we focus on the recent developments in understanding of the function, and molecular genetics of photosystem I.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anandan, S., Vainstein, A. and Thornber, P. 1989. Correlation of some published amino acid sequences for photosystem I polypeptides to a 17 kDa LHCI pigment-protein and to subunits III and IV of the core complex. FEBS Lett. 256: 150–154.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Andersen, B., Scheller H. and Möller, B. 1992. The PSI-E subunit of photosystem I binds ferredoxin: NADP+ oxidoreductase. FEBS Lett. 311: 169–173.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bendall, D.S. and Manasse, R.S. 1995. Cyclic phosphorylation and electron transport. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1229: 23–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bengis, C. and Nelson, N. 1977. Subunit structure of chloroplast photosystem I reaction center. J. Biol. Chem. 252: 4564–4569.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Biggins, J. and Mathis, P. 1988. Functional role of vitamin K in photosystem I of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803. Biochemistry 27: 1494–1500.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Biggins, J., Tanguay, N.A. and Frank, H.A. 1989. Electron transfer reactions in photosystem I following vitamin K1 depletion by ultraviolet irradiation. FEBS Lett. 250: 271–274.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boekema, E.J., Boonstra, A.F., Dekker, J.P. and Rögner, M. 1994. Electron microscopic structural analysis of photosystem I, photosystem II, and the cytochrome b 6/f complex from green plants and cyanobacteria. J. Bioenerg. Biomemb. 26: 17–29.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Böttcher, B., Gräber, P. and Boekema, E. 1992. The structure of photosystem-I from the thermophillic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. determined by electron-microscopy of 2-dimensional crystals. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1100: 125–136.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bottin, H. and Setif, P. 1991. Inhibition of electron transfer from A0 to A1 in photosystem I after treatment in darkness at low redox potentioal. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1057: 331–336.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brettel, K. 1988. Electron transfer from A− l to an iron-sulfur center with t½ = 200 ns at room temperature in photosystem I. Characterization by absorption spectroscopy. FEBS Lett. 239: 93–98.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brettel, K. 1997. Electron transfer and arrangement of the redox cofactors in photosystem I. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1318: 322–373.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brettel, K. and Setif, P. 1987. Magnetic-field effects on primary reaction in photosystem I. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 893: 109–114.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, B.D. and Malkin, R. 1988a. Structural aspects of photosystem I from Dunaliella salina. Plant Physiol. 88: 1201–1206.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bruce, B.D. and Malkin, R. 1988b. Subunit stoichiometry of the chloroplast photosystem 1 complex. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 7302–7308.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Buttner, M., Xie, D.L., Nelson, H., Pinther, W., Hauska, G. and Nelson, N. 1992. Photosynthetic reaction center genes in green sulfur bacteria and in photosystem I are related. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89: 8135–8139.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chamorovsky, S.K. and Cammack, R. 1982. Direct determination of the mid-point potential of the acceptor X in chloroplast photosystem I by electrochemical reduction and ESR spectroscopy. Photobiochem. Photobiophys. 4: 195–200.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chitnis, P.R. 1996. Photosystem I. Plant Physiol. 111: 661–669.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chitnis, P.R., Chitnis, V.P., Xu, Q., Jung, Y.-S., Yu, L. and Golbeck, J.H., 1995a. Mutational analysis of photosystem I polypeptides. P. Mathis (ed.) Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere, pp. 17–22. Kluwer, Dodrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chitnis, PR. and Nelson, N. 1992. Assembly of two subunits of the cyanobacterial photosystem I on the n-side of thylakoid membranes. Plant Physiol. 99: 239–246.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chitnis, P.R., Purvis, D. and Nelson, N. 1991. Molecular cloning and targeted mutagenesis of the gene psaF encoding subunit III of photosystem I from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. J. Biol. Chem. 266: 20146–20151.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chitnis, P.R., Reilly, P.A., Miedel, M.C. and Nelson, N. 1989a. Structure and targeted mutagenesis of the gene encoding 8-kDa subunit of photosystem I of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 18374–18380.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chitnis, P.R., Reilly, P.A. and Nelson, N. 1989b. Insertional inactivation of the gene encoding subunit II of photosystem I from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 18381–18385.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chitnis, P.R., Reilly, P.A. and Nelson, N. 1989c. Insertional inactivation of the gene encoding subunit II of photosystem I of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 18381–18385.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chitnis, P.R., Xu, Q., Chitnis, V.P. and Nechushtai, R. 1995b. Function and organization of photosystem I polypeptides. Photosynthesis Res. 44: 23–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chitnis, V.P. and Chitnis, P.R. 1993. PsaL subunit is required for the formation of photosystem I trimers in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. FEBS Lett. 336: 330–334.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chitnis, V.P., Jung, Y.-S., Albee, L., Golbeck, J.H. and Chitnis, P.R. 1996. Mutational analysis of photosystem I polypeptides: Role of PsaD and the lysyl 106 residue in the reductase activity of photosystem I. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 11772–11780.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chitnis, V.P., Xu, Q., Yu, L., Golbeck, J.H., Nakamoto, H., Xie, D.L. and Chitnis, P.R. 1993. Targeted inactivation of the gene psaL encoding a subunit of photosystem I of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 11678–11684.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cleland, R.E. and Bendall, D.S. 1992. Photosystem I cyclic electron transport: measurement of ferredoxin: plastoquinone reductase activity. Photosynth. Res. 34: 409–418.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cui, L., Bingham, S.E., Kuhn, M., Kass, H., Lubitz, W. and Webber, A.N. 1995. Sitedirected mutagenesis of conserved histidines in the helix VIII domain of PsaB impairs assembly of the photosystem I reaction center without altering spectroscopic characteristics of P700. Biochemistry 34: 1549–1558.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Demerec, M., Adelberg, E.A., Clark, A.J. and Hartman, P.E. 1966. A proposal for a uniform nomenclature in bacterial genetics. Genetics 54: 61–76.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Diaz, A., Hervas, M., Navarro, J.A., De La Rosa M.A. and Tollin, G. 1994. A thermodynamic study by laser-flash photolysis of plastocyanin and cytochrome c6 oxidation by photosystem I from the green alga Monoraphidium braunii. Eur. J. Biochem. 222: 1001–1007.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DiMagno, L., Chan, C.K., Jia, Y., Lang, M.J., Newman, J.R. Mets, L., Fleming, G.R. and Haselkorn, R. 1995. Energy transfer and trapping in photosystem I reaction centers from cyanobacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 92: 2715–2719.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drepper, F., Hippler, M., Nitschke, W. and Haehnel, W. 1996. Binding dynamics and electron transfer between plastocyanin and photosystem I. Biochemistry 35: 1282–1295.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Falzone, C.J., Kao, Y.H., Zhao, J., Bryant, D.A. and Lecomte, J.T. 1994a. Three-dimensional solution structure of PsaE from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002, a photosystem I protein that shows structural homology with SH3 domains. Biochemistry 33: 6052–6062.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Falzone, C.J., Kao, Y.H., Zhao, J., MacLaughlin, K.L., Bryant, D.A. and Lecomte, J.T. 1994b. 1H and 15N NMR assignments of PsaE, a photosystem I subunit from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002. Biochemistry 33: 6043–6051.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fan, L., Sarads Devi, K., Chitnis, V.P. and Chitnis, PR. 1996. Molecular genetics of cyanobacteria: New avenues in biotechnology. J. Scientific and Industr. Res. 55: 555–563.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farah, J., Rappaport, F., Choquet, Y., Joliot, P. and Rochaix, J.D. 1995. Isolation of a psaF-deficient mutant of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: efficient interaction of plastocyanin with the photosystem I reaction center is mediated by the PsaF subunit. EMBO J. 14: 4976–4984.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fish, L.E., Kuck, U. and Bogorad, L. 1985. Two partially homologous adjacent lightinducible maize chloroplast genes encoding polypeptides of the P700 chlorophyll aprotein complex of photosystem I. J. Biol. Chem. 260: 1413–1421.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fork, D.C. and Herbert, S.K. 1993. Electron transport and phosphorylation by photosystem I in vivo in plants and cyanobacteria. Photosynth. Res. 36: 149–168.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franzen, L.-G., Frank, G., Zuber, H. and Rochaix, J.-D. 1989. Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding the 17.9 and 8.1 kDa subunits of photosystem I from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.Plant Mol. Biol. 12: 463–474.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frazao, C., Soares, C.M., Carrondo, M.A., Wilson, K.S., Hervas, M., Navarro, J.A., De la Rosa, M.A. and Sheldrick, G.M. 1995. Ab initio determination of the crystal structure of cytochrome c 6 and comparison with plastocyanin. Current Biol. 3: 1159–1169.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fromme, P., Schubert, W.-D. and Krauss, N. 1994. Structure of Photosystem I: Suggestions on the docking sites for plastocyanin, ferredoxin and the coordination of P700. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1187: 99–105.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Furrer, R. and Thurnauer, M.C. 1983. Resolution of signals attributed to photosystem I primary reactants by time resolved EPR at K band. FEBS Lett. 153: 399–403.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gavel, Y., Steppuhn, J., Herrmann, R. and von Heijne, G. 1991. The ‘positive-inside rule’ applies to thylakoid membrane proteins. FEBS Lett. 282: 41–46.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Glazer, A.N., Gindt, Y.M., Chan, C.F. and Sauer, K. 1994. Selective disruption of energy flow from phycobilisomes to photosystem I. Photosynth. Res. 40: 167–173.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Golbeck, J.H. 1992. Structure and function of photosystem I. Ann. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 43: 293–324.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Golbeck, J.H. 1993. Shared thematic elements in photochemical reaction centers. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90: 1642–1646.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Golbeck, J.H. and Warden, J.T. 1982. Electron spin resonance studies of the bound ironsulfur centers in Photosystem I. Photoreduction of center A occurs in the absence of center B. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 681: 77–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Green, B.R., Pichersky, E. and Kloppstech, K. 1991. Chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins: an extended family. Trends Biochem. Sci. 16: 181–186.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gross, E.L. 1996. Plastocyanin: structurem, location, diffusion, and electron transfer mechanisms. D. Ort and C.F. Yocum (ed.) Oxygenic Photosynthesis: The Light Reactions, pp. 413–429. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haehnel, W., Jansen, T., Gause, K., Klosgen, R.B., Stahl, B., Michl, D., Huvermann, B., Karas, M and Herrmann, R.G. 1994. Electron transfer from plastocyanin to photosystem I. EMBO J. 13: 1028–1038.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hallick, R. 1989. Proposals for the naming of chloroplast genes. II. Update to the nomenclature of gene for thylakoid membrane polypeptides. Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 7: 226–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanley, J., Setif, P., Bottin, H. and Lagoutte, B. 1996. Mutagenesis of photosystem I in the region of the ferredoxin cross-linking site: modifications of positively charged amino acids. Biochemistry 35: 8563–8571.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hastings, G., Hoshina, S., Webber, A.N. and Blankenship, R.E. 1995. Universality of energy and electron transfer processes in photosystem I. Biochemistry 34: 15512–15522.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hastings, G., Kleinherenbrink, F.A., Lin, S. and Blankenship, R.E. 1994a. Time-resolved fluorescence and absorption spectroscopy of photosystem I. Biochemistry 33: 3185–3192.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hastings, G., Kleinherenbrink, F.A., Lin, S., McHugh, T.J. and Blankenship, R.E. 1994b. Observation of the reduction and reoxidation of the primary electron acceptor in photosystem I. Biochemistry 33: 3193–3200.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hatanaka, H., Sonoike, K., Hirano, M. and Katoh, S. 1993. Small subunits of photosystem I reaction center complexes from Synechococcus elongatus. II. Is the psaF gene productrequired for oxidation of cytochrome c 553? Biochim. Biphys. Acta 1141: 45–51.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayashida, N., Izuchi, S., Sugiura, M. and Obokata, J. 1992. Nucleotide sequence of cDNA clones encoding the PS I-H subunit of photosystem I in tobacco. Plant Cell Physiol. 33: 1031–1034.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hayashida, N., Matsubayashi, T., Shinozaki, K., Sugiura M., Inoue, K. and Hiyama, T. 1987. The gene for the 9 kd polypeptide, a possible apoprotein for the iron-sulfur centers A and B of the photosystem I complex, in tobacco chloroplast DNA. Curr. Genet. 12: 247–250.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • He, S., Modi, S., Bendall, D.S. and Gray, J.C. 1991. The surface-exposed residue tyrosin Tyr-83 of pea plastocyanin is involved in both binding and electron transfer reactions with cytochrome f. EMBO J. 10: 4011–4016.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • He, W.Z. and Malkin, R. 1992. Specific release of a 9-kDa extrinsic polypeptide of photosystem I from spinach chloroplasts by salt washing. FEBS Lett. 308: 298–300.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heathcote, P., Moenne-Loccoz, P., Rigby, S.E.J. and Evans, M.C.W. 1996. Photoaccumulation in photosystem I does produce a phylloquinone (A− 1) radical. Biochemistry 35: 6644–6650.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heber, U. and Walker, D. A. 1992. Concerning a dual function of coupled cyclic electron transport in leaves. Plant Physiol. 100: 1621–1626.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hecks, B., Wulf, K., Breton, J., Leibl, W. and Trissl, H.W. 1994. Primary charge separation in photosystem I: a two-step electrogenic charge separation connected with P700+ A− 0 and P700+ A− 1 formation. Biochemistry 33: 8619–8624.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hervas, M., De la Rosa, M.A. and Tollin, G. 1992a. A comparative laser-flash absorption spectroscopy study of algal plastocyanin and cytochrome c 552 photooxidation by photosystem I particles from spinach. Eur. J. Biochem. 203: 115–120.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hervas, M., Navarro, J. and Tollin, G. 1992b. A laser-flash spectroscopy study of the kinetics of electron transfer from spinach photosystem I to spinach and algal ferredoxins. Photochem. Photobiol. 56: 319–324.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hervas, M., Navarro, J.A., Diaz, A., Bottin, H. and De la Rosa, M.A. 1995. Laser-flash kinetic analysis of the fast electron transfer from plastocyanin and cytochrome c 6 to photosystem I. Experimental evidance on the evolution of the reaction mechanism. Biochemistry 34: 11321–11326.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hervas, M., Navarro, J.A., Diaz, A. and De la Rosa, M.A. 1996. A comparative thermodynamic analysis by laser-flash absorption spectroscopy of photosystem I reduction by plastocyanin and cytochrome c 6 in Anabaena PCC 7119, Synechocystis PCC 6803, and spinach. Biochemistry 35: 2693–2698.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hervas, M., Ortega, J.M., Navarro, J.A., de la Rosa, M.A. and Bottin, H. 1994. Laser flash kinetic analysis of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cytochrome c 6 and plastocyanin oxidation by photosystem I. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1184: 235–241.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hippler, M., Ratajczak, R. and Haehnel, W. 1989. Identification of the plastocyanin binding subunit of photosystem I. FEBS Lett 250: 280–284.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hippler, M., Reicher, J., Sutter, M., Zak, E., Altschmied, L., Schröer, U., Herrmann, R.G. and Haehnel, W. 1996. The plastocyanin binding domain of photosystem I. EMBO J. 15: 6374–6384.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hiyama, T. and Ke, B. 1971. A new photosynthetic pigment, “P430”: its possible role as the primary electron acceptor of photosystem I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68: 1010–1013.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hoj, P.B., Svendsen, I., Scheller, H.V. and Møller, B.L. 1987. Identification of a chloroplast encoded 9 kDa polypeptide as a 2 (4Fe-4S) protein carrying A and B of photosystem I. J. Biol. Chem. 262: 12676–12684.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holzwarth, A.R., Schatz, G., Brock, H. and Bittersmann, E. 1993. Energy transfer and charge separation kinetics in photosystem I. Part 1: Picosecond transient absorption and fluorescence study of cyanobacterial photosystem I particles. Biophys. J. 64: 1813–1826.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ikeuchi, M., Sonoike, K., Koike, H., Pakrasi, H. and Inoue, Y. 1993. A novel 3.5 kDa protein component of cyanobacteriai photosystem I complexes. Plant Cell Physiol. 33: 1057–1063.

    Google Scholar 

  • Itoh, S., Iwaki, M. and Ikegami, I. 1987. Extraction of vitamin K-l from photosystem I particles by treatment with diethyl ether and its effect on the A− 1 EPR signal and system I photochemistry. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 893: 508–516.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iwaki, M. and Itoh, S. 1994. Reaction of reconstituted acceptor quinone and dynamic equilibration of electron transfer in the photosystem I reaction center. Plant Cell Physiol. 35: 983–993.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jung, Y.-S., Yu, L. and Golbeck, J.H. 1995. Reconstitution of iron-sulfur center FB results in complete restoration of NADP+ photoreduction in Hg-treated photosystem I complexes from Synechococcus sp. PCC 6301. Photosynth. Res. 46: 249–255.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaneko, T., Sato, S., Kotani, H., Tanaka, A., Asamizu, E., Nakamura, Y., Miyajima, N., Hirosawa, M., Sugiura, M., Sasamoto, S., Kimura, T., Hosouchi, T., Matsuno, A., Muraki, A., Nakazaki, N., Naruo, K., Okumura, S., Shimpo, S., Takeuchi, C., Wada, T., Watanabe, A., Yamada, M., Yasuda. M. and Tabata, S. 1996. Sequence analysis of the genome of the unicellular Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. II. Sequence determination of the entire genome and assignment of potential proteincoding regions. DNA Res. 3: 109–136.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ke, B., Hansen, R.E. and Beinert, H. 1973. Oxidation-reduction potentials of bound iron-sulfur proteins of photosystem I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70: 2941–2945.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kerfeld, C.A., Anwar, H.P., Interrante, R., Merchant, S. and Yeates, T.O. 1995. The structure of chloroplast cytochrome c 6 at 1.9 A resolution: evidence for functional oligomerization. J. Mol. Biol. 250: 627–647.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kjaerulff, S., Andersen, B., Nielsen, V.S., Møller, B.L. and Okkels, J.S. 1993. The PSIK Subunit of Photosystem I from Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.): Evidence for a gene duplication of an ancestral PSI-G/K gene. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 18912–18916.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kleinherenbrink, F.A., Hastings, G., Wittmerhaus, B.P. and Blankenship. R.E. 1994. Delayed fluorescence from Fe-S type photosynthetic reaction centers at low redox potential. Biochemistry 33: 3096–3105.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Knoetzel, J. and Simpson, D.J. 1993. The primary structure of a cDNA for PsaN, encoding a extrinsic lumenal polypeptide of barley photosystem I. Plant Mol. Biol. 22: 337–345.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kok, B. 1957. Absorption changes induced by the photochemical reaction of photosynthesis. Nature 179: 583–584.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krauß, N., Hinrichs, W., Witt, I., Fromme, P., Pritzkow, W., Dauter, Z., Betzel, C., Wilson, K.S., Witt, H.T. and Saenger, W. 1993. Three-dimensional structure of system I of photosynthesis at 6 Å resolution. Nature 361: 326–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krauß, N., Schubert, W.-D., Klukas, O., Fromme, P., Witt, H.T. and Saenger, W. 1996. Photosystem I at 4 Å resolution represents the first structural model of a joint photosynthetic reaction centre and core antenna system. Nature Struct. Biol. 3: 965–973.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kruip, J., Boekema, E.J., Bald, D., Boonstra, A.F. and Rogner, M. 1993. Isolation and structural characterization of monomeric and trimeric photosystem I complexes (P700. FA/FB and P700. Fx) from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 23353–23360.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumazaki, S., Iwaki, M., Ikegami, I., Kandori, H., Yishihara, K. and Itoh, S. 1994. Rates of primary electron transfer reactions in the photosystem I reaction center reconstituted with different quinones as the secondary acceptor. J. Phys. Chem. 98: 11220–11225.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lagoutte, B., Barth, P. and Setif, P. 1995. Photosystem I/ferredoxin interactio: Site directed mutagenesis of PSI-E. P. Mathis (ed.) Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere, pp. 71–74, Kluwer, Dodrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, B.H., Hibino, T., Takabe, T., Weisbeek, P.J. and Takabe, T. 1995. Site-directed mutagenetic study of the role of negative patches on Silene plastocyanin in the interactions with cytochrome f and photosystem I. J. Biochem. 117: 1209–1217.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lelong, C., Setif, P., Lagoutte, B. and Bottin, H. 1994. Identification of the amino acids involved in the functional interaction between photosystem I and ferredoxin from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 by chemical cross-linking. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 10034–10039.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li, N., Zhao, J.D., Warren, P.V., Warden, J.T., Bryant, D.A. and Golbeck, J.H. 1991. PsaD is required for the stable binding of PsaC to the photosystem I core protein of Synechococcus sp. PCC 6301. Biochemistry 30: 7863–7872.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liebl, U., Mockensturm-Wilson, M., Trost, J.T., Brune, D., Blankenship, R. and Vermaas, W.F.J. 1993. Single core polypeptide in the reaction center of the photosynthetic bacterium Heliobacillus mobilis—structural implications and relations to other photosystems. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 7124–7128.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lüneberg, J., Fromme, P., Jekow, P. and Schlodder, E. 1994. Spectroscopic characterization of PS I core complexes from thermophilic Synechococcus sp. Identical reoxidation kinetics of A− 1 before and after removal of the iron-sulfur-clusters FA and FB. FEBS Lett. 338: 197–202.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mac, M., Tang, X.-S., Diner, B.A., McCracken, J. and Babcock, G.T. 1996. Identification of histidine as an axial ligand to P700. Biochemistry 35: 13288–13293.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Malkin, R. 1984. Diazonium modification of photosystem I. A specific effect on ironsulfur center B. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 4: 63–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malkin, R. 1986. On the function of two vitamin K molecules in the PSI electron acceptor complex. FEBS Lett. 208: 343–346.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malkin, R. and Bearden, A.J. 1971. Primary reactions of photosynthesis: photoreduction of a bound chloroplast ferredoxin at low temperature as detected by EPR spectroscopy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 68: 16–19.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mannan, R.M., He, W.Z., Metzger, S.U., Whitmarsh, J., Malkin, R. and Pakrasi, H.B. 1996. Active photosynthesis in cyanobacterial mutants with directed modifications in the ligands for two iron-sulfur clusters on the PsaC protein of photosystem I. EMBO J. 15: 1826–1833.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mannan, R.M., Whitmarsh, J., Nyman, P. and Pakrasi, H.B. 1991. Directed mutagenesis of an iron-sulfur protein of the photosystem I complex in the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88: 10168–10172.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mansfield, R.W., Hubbard, J.A.M., Nugent, J.H.A. and Evans, M.C.W. 1987. Extraction of electron acceptor A1 from pea photosystem I. FEBS Lett. 220: 74–78.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mant, A., Nielsen, V.S., Knott, T.G., Møller, B.L. and Robinson, C. 1994. Multiple mechanisms for the targeting of photosystem I subunits F, H, K, L, and N into and across the thylakoid membrane. J. Biol. Chem. 2694: 27303–27309.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathis, P. and Setif, P. 1988. Kinetic studies on the function of A1 in the photosystem I reaction center. FEBS Lett. 237: 65–68.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDermott, A.E., Yachandra, V.K., Guiles, R.D., Sauer, K., Klein, M.P., Parrett, K.G. and Golbeck, J.H. 1989. EXAFS structural study of FX, the low-potential Fe-S center in photosystem I. Biochemistry 28: 8056–8059.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Medina, M., Diaz, A., Hervas, M., Navarro, J.A., Gomez-Moreno, C., de la Rosa, M.A. and Tollin, G. 1993. A comparative laser-flash absorption spectroscopy study of Anabaena PCC 7119 plastocyanin and cytochrome c 6 photooxidation by photosystem I particles. Eur. J. Biochem. 213: 1133–1138.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mehari, T., Qiao, F., Scott, M.P., Nellis, D.F., Zhao, J., Bryant, D.A. and Golbeck, J.H. 1995. Modified ligands to FA and FB in photosystem I. I. Structural constraints for the formation of iron-sulfur clusters in free and rebound PsaC. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 28108–28117.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Modi, S., He, S., Gray, J.C. and Bendall, D.S. 1992. The role of surface-exposed Tyr-83 of plastocyanin in electron transfer from cytochrome c. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1101: 64–68.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moeenne-Loccoz, P., Robert, B., Ikegami, I. and Lutz, M. 1990. Structure of the primary electron donor in photosystem I: A resonance Roman study. Biochemistry 29: 4740–4746.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morand, L.Z., Cheng, L., Krogmann, D.W. and Ho, K.K. 1994. Soluble electron transfer catalysts of cyanobacteria. D.A. Bryant (ed.) The Molecular Biology of Cyanobacteria, pp. 381–407, Kluwer, Amsterdam.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mühlenhoff, U., Kruip, J., Bryant, D.A., Rögner, M., Setif, P. and Boekema, E. 1996a. Characterization of a redox-active cross-linked complex between cyanobacterial photosystem I and its physiological acceptor flavodoxin. EMBO J. 15: 488–497.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mühlenhoff, U., Zhao, J. and Bryant, D.A. 1996b. Interaction between photosystem I and flavodoxin from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 as revealed by chemical cross-linking. Eur. J. Biochem. 235: 324–331.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mullineaux, C.W. 1992. Excitation energy transfer from phycobilisomes to photosystem I in a cyanobacterium. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1100: 285–292.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Navarro, J.A., Hervas, M., Genzor, C.G., Cheddar, G., Fillat, M.F., de la Rosa, M.A., Gomez-Moreno, C., Cheng, H., Xia, B., Chae, Y.K. and Et. A. 1995. Site-specific mutagenesis demonstrates that the structural requirements for efficient electron transfer in Anabaena ferredoxin and flavodoxin are highly dependent on the reaction partner: kinetic studies with photosystem I, ferredoxin: NADP+ reductase, and cytochrome c. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 321: 229–238.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Naver, H., Scott, M.P., Golbeck, J.H., Moller, B.L. and Scheller, H.V. 1996. Reconstitution of barley photosystem I with modified PSI-C allows identification of domains interacting with PSI-D and PSI-A/B. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 8996–9001.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nordling, M., Sigfridsson, K., Young, S., Lundberg, L.G. and Hansson, Ö. 1991. Flashphotolysis studies of the electron transfer from genetically modified spinach plastocyanin to photosysem I. FEBS Lett. 291: 327–330.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nuijs, A.M., Shuvalov, V.A., van Gorkom, H.J., Plijter, J.J. and Duysens, L.N.M. 1986. Picosecond absorbance dofference spectroscopy on the primary reaction and the antenna-excited states in photosystem I particles. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 850: 310–318.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nyhus, K.J., Thiel, T. and Pakrasi, H.B. 1993. Targeted interruption of the psaA and psaB genes encoding the reaction-centre proteins of photosystem I in the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413. Mol. Microbiol. 9: 979–988.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oh-oka, H., Takahashi, Y., Wada, K., Matsubara, H., Ohyama, K. and Ozeki, H. 1987. The 8 kDa polypeptide in photosystem I is a probable candidate of an iron-sulfur center protein coded by the chloroplast gene frxa. FEBS Lett. 218: 52–54.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohyama, K., Fukuzawa, H., Kohchi, T., Shirai, H., Tohru, S., Sano, S., Umesono, K., Shiki, Y., Takeuchi, M., Chang, Z., Aota, S.I., Inokuchi, H. and Ozeki, H. 1986. Chloroplast gene organization deduced from complete sequence of liverwort Marchanda polymorpha chloroplast DNA. Nature 322: 572–574.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okkels, J.S., Nielsen, S., Scheller, H.V. and Möller, B.L. 1992. A cDNA clone from barley encoding the precursor from the photosystem I polypeptide PSI-G: Sequence similarity to PSI-K. Plant Mol. Biol. 18: 989–994.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Okkels, J.S., Serieller, H.V., Jepsen, L.B. and Möller, B.L. 1989. A cDNA clone encoding the precursor for a 10.2 kDa photosystem I polypeptide of barley. FEBS Lett. 250: 575–579.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Owens, T.G., Webb, S.P., Mets, L., Alberte, R.S. and Fleming, G.R. 1987. Antenna size dependence of fluorescence decay in the core antenna of photosystem I: estimates of charge separation and energy transfer rates. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84: 1532–1536.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Parrett, K.G., Mehari, T., Warren, P.G. and Golbeck, J.H. 1989. Purification and properties of the intact P-700 and Fx-containing Photosystem I core protein. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 973: 324–332.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Petrouleas, V., Brand, J.J., Parrett, K.G. and Golbeck, J.H. 1989. A Mossbauer analysis of the low-potential iron-sulfur center in photosystem I: spectroscopic evidence that FX is a [4Fe-4S] cluster. Biochemistry 28: 8980–8983.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ratajczak, R., Mitchell, R. and Haehnel, W. 1988. Properties of the oxidizing site of photosystem I. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 933: 306–318.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Redinbo, M.R., Yeates, T.O. and Merchant, S. 1994. Plastocyanin: structural and functional analysis. J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 26: 49–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rodday, S.M., Do, L.T., Chynwat, V., Frank, H.A. and Biggins, J. 1996. Site-directed mutagenesis of the subunit PsaC establishes a surface-exposed domain interacting with the photosystem I core binding site. Biochemistry 35: 11832–11838.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rodday, S.M., Jun, S.-S. and Biggins, J. 1993. Interaction of the FAFB-containing subunit with the photosystem I core heterodimer. Photosynth. Res. 36: 1–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodday, S.M., Jun, S.-S. and Biggins, J. 1994. Structure-function studies on the interaction of PsaC with the photosystem I heterodimer. The site-directed change R561E in PsaB destabilizes the subunit interaction in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Photosynth. Res. 42: 185–190.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodday, S.M., Webber, A.N., Bingham, S.E. and Biggins, J. 1995. Evidence that the FX domain in photosystem I interacts with the subunit PsaC: site-directed changes in PsaB destabilize the subunit inteaction in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.Biochemistry 340: 6328–6334.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rousseau, F., Setif, P. and Lagoutte, B. 1993. Evidence for the involvement of PSI-E subunit in the reduction of ferredoxin by photosystem I. EMBO J. 12: 1755–1765.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rustandi, R.R., Snyder, S.W., Feezel, L.L., Michalski, T.J., Norris, J.R. Thurnauer, M.C. and Biggins, J. 1990. Contribution of vitamin K1 to the electron spin polarization in spinach photosystem I. Biochemistry 29: 8030–8032.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rutherford, A.W. and Setif, P. 1990. Orientation of P700, the primary electron donor of photosystem I. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1019: 128–132.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sakurai, H., Inoue, K., Fujii, T. and Mathis, P. 1991. Effects of selective destruction of iron-sulfur center B on electron transfer and charge recombination in photosystem I. Photosynth. Res. 27: 65–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scheller, 1996. In vitro cyclic electron transport in barley thylakoids follows two independent pathways. Plant Physiol. 110: 187–194.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seheller, H.V. and Miller, B.L. 1989a. Subunit composition of photosystem I and identification of center X as [4Fe-4S] iron-sulfur cluster. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 6929–6934.

    Google Scholar 

  • Serieller, H.V. and Moller, B.L. 1990. Photosystem I polypeptides. Physiol. Plant. 78: 484–494.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scheller, H.V., Okkels, J.S. Höj, P.B., Svendsen, I., Roepstorff, P. and Møller, B.L. 1989b. The primary structure of a 4.0-kDa photosystem I polypeptide encoded by the chloroplast psal gene. J. Biol. Chem. 264: 18402–18406.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schluchter, W.M., Shen, G., Zhao, J. and Bryant, D.A. 1996. Characterization of psal and psaL mutants of Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002: a new model for state transitions in cyanobacteria. Photochem. Photobiol. 64: 53–66.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schoeder, H.U. and Lockau, W. 1986. Phylloquinone copurifies with the large subunit of photosystem I. FEBS Lett. 199: 23–27.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Setif, P. and Brettel, K. 1993. Forward electron transfer from phylloquinone A1 to ironsulfur centers in spinach photosystem I. Biochemistry 32: 7846–7854.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Setif, P., Hanley, J., Barth, P., Bottin, H. and Lagoutte, B. 1995. Ferredoxin reduction by PSI with wild type, deleted and site-directed mutants from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. P. Mathis (ed.) Photosynthesis: from Light to Biosphere, pp. 23–28. Kluwer, Dodrecht.

    Google Scholar 

  • Setif, P., Ikegami, I. and Biggins, J. 1987. Light-induced charge separation in Photosystem I at low temperature is not influenced by vitamin K-1. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 894: 146–156.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Setif, P. and Mathis, P. 1980. The oxidation-reduction potential of P-700 in chloroplast lamellal and subchloroplast particles. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 204: 477–485.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Setif, P. and Mathis, P. 1986. Photosystem I reaction center and its primary electron transfer reactions. Encyclopedia Plant Physiol. 19: 476–486.

    Google Scholar 

  • Setif, P., Mathis, P. and Vanngard, T. 1984. Photosystem I photochemistry at low temperature. Heterogeneity in pathways for electron transfer to the secondary acceptors and for recombination processes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 767: 404–414.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Setif, P.Q. and Bottin, H. 1994. Laser flash absorption spectroscopy study of ferredoxin reduction by photosystem I in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. evidence for submicrosecond and microsecond kinetics. Biochemistry 33: 8495–8504.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Setif, P.Q. and Bottin, H. 1995. Laser flash absorption spectroscopy study of ferredoxin reduction by photosystem I: spectral and kinetic evidence for the existence of several photosystem I-ferredoxin complexes. Biochemistry 34: 9059–9070.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shahak, Y., Crowther, D. and Hind, G. 1981. The involvement of ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase in cyclic electron transport. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 636: 234–243.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shen, G., Boussiba, S. and Vermaas, W.F. 1993. Synechocystis sp PCC 6803 strains lacking photosystem I and phycobilisome function. Plant Cell 5: 1853–1863.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman, D.M., Troyan, T.A. and Sherman, L.A. 1994. Localization of membrane proteins in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942: Radial asymmetry in the photosynthetic complexes. Plant Physiol. 106: 251–262.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shuvalov, V.A., Ke, B. and Dolan, E. 1979. Kinetic and spectral properties of the intermediary electron acceptor A1 in photosystem I. FEBS Lett. 100: 5–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sieckman, I., van der Est, A., Bottin, H., Setif, P. and Stehlik, D. 1991. Nanosecond electron transfer kinetics in photosystem I following substitution of quinones for vitamin K1 as studied by time resolved EPR. FEBS Lett. 284: 98–102.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sigfridsson, K., Hansson, O., Karlsson, B.G., Baltzer, L., Nordling, M. and Lundberg, L.G. 1995. Spectroscopic and kinetic characterization of the spinach plastocyanin mutant Tyr83-His: a histidine residue with a high pK value. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1228: 28–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smart, L.B., Anderson, S.L. and Mclntosh, L. 1991. Targeted genetic inactivation of the photosystem I reaction center in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. EMBO J. 10: 3289–3296.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smart, L.B. and Mclntosh, L. 1993. Genetic inactivation of the PsaB gene in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 disrupts assembly of photosystem I. Plant Mol. Biol. 21: 177–180.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smart, L.B., Warren, P.V., Golbeck, J.H. and Mclntosh, L. 1993. Mutational analysis of the structure and biogenesis of the photosystem I reaction center in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 1132–1136.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Snyder, S.W., Rustandi, R.R., Biggins, J., Norris, J.R. and Thurnauer, M.C. 1991. Direct assignment of vitamin Kl as the secondary acceptor Al in photosystem I. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 88: 9895–9896.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sonoike, K., Ikeuchi, M. and Pakrasi, H.B. 1992. Presence of an N-terminal presequence in the Psal protein of the photosystem I complex in the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413. Plant Mol. Biol. 20: 987–990.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steinmuller, K. 1992. Identification of a second psaC gene in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803. Plant Mol. Biol. 20: 997–1001.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steppuhn, J., Hermans, J., Nechushtai, R., Herrmann, G.S. and Hermann, R.G. 1989. Nucleotide sequences of cDNA clones encoding the entire precursor polypeptide for subunit VI and of the plastome-encoded gene for subunit VII of the photosystem I reaction center from spinach. Curr. Genet. 16: 99–108.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steppuhn, J., Hermans, J., Nechushtai, R., Ljungberg, U., Thummler, F., Lottspeich, F. and Herrmann, R.G. 1988. Nucleotide sequence of cDNA clones encoding the entire precursor polypeptides for subunits IV and V of the photosystem I reaction center from spinach. FEBS Lett. 237: 218–224.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Strotmann, H. and Weber, N. 1993. On the function of PsaE in chloroplast photosystem I. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1143: 204–210.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, J., Ke, A., Jin, P., Chitnis, V.P. and Chitnis, P.R. 1997. Isolation and functional study of photosystem I subunits in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Meth. Enzymol. In press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takahashi, Y., Goldschmidt-Clermont, M., Soen, S.-Y., Franzen, L.G. and Rochaix, J.-D. 1991. Directed chloroplast transformation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Insertional inactivation of the psaC gene encoding the iron sulfur protein destabilizes photoststem I. EMBO J. 10: 2033–2040.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thornber, J.P., Cogdell, R., Chitnis, PR., Morishige, D.T., Peter, G.F., Gomez, S., Anandan, S., Preiss, S., Welty, B., Lee, A., Takeuchi, T. and Kerfeld, C. 1994. The light harvesting systems of bacteria and higher plants. J. Barber (ed.) Photosynthesis, pp. 58–116. JAI Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thurnauer, M.C. and Gast, P. 1985. Q-band (35 GHz) EPR results on the nature of A1 and the electron spin polarization in photosystem I particles. Photobiochem. Photobiophys. 9: 29–38.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Toelge, M., Ziegler, K., Maldener, I. and Lockau, W. 1991. Directed mutagenesis of the gene psaB of photosystem I of the cyanobacterium Anabaena vaiabilis ATCC 29413. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1060: 233–236.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van der Est, A., Bock, C., Golbeck, J., Brettel, K., Setif, P. and Stehlik, D. 1994. Electron transfer from the acceptor A1 to the iron-sulfur centers in photosystem I studied by as transient EPR spectroscopy. Biochemistry 33: 11789–11797.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van der Est, A., Sieckmann, I., Lubitz, W. and Stehlik, D. 1995. Differences in the binding of the primary quinone acceptor in photosystem I and reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides studied by transient EPR spectroscopy. Chem. Physics. 194: 349–359.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Grondelle, R., Dekker, J.P., Gillbro, T. and Sundstrom, V. 1994. Energy transfer and trapping in photosynthesis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1187: 1–65.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vassiliev, I.R., Jung. Y.S., Smart, L.B., Schulz, R., Mclntosh, L. and Golbeck, J.H. 1995. A mixed-ligand iron-sulfur cluster (C 556 PsaB or C 565 SPsaB) in the Fx-binding site leads to a decreased quantum efficiency of electron transfer in photosystem I. Biophys. J. 69: 1544–1553.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Warren, P.V., Golbeck, J.H. and Warden, J.T. 1993a. Charge recombination between P700+ and A1-occurs directly to the ground state of P700 in a photosystem I core devoid of FX, FB, and FA. Biochemistry 32: 849–857.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Warren, P.V., Smart, L.B., Mclntosh, L. and Golbeck, J.H. 1993b. Site-directed conversion of cysteine-565 to serine in PsaB of photosystem I results in the assembly of [3Fe-4S] and [4Fe-4S] clusters in Fx. A mixed-ligand [4Fe-4S] cluster is capable of electron transfer to FA and FB. Biochemistry 32: 4411–4419.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Webber, A.N., Gibbs, P.B., Ward, J.B. and Bingham, S.E. 1993. Site-directed mutagenesis of the photosystem I reaction center in chloroplasts. The proline-cysteine motif. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 12990–12995.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Webber, A.N. and Malkin, R. 1990. Photosystem I reaction-centre proteins contain leucine zipper motifs. A proposed role in dimer formation. FEBS Lett. 264: 1–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Webber, A.N., Su, H., Bingham, S.E., Käss, H., Krabben, L., Kuhn, M., Jordan, R., Schldder, E. and Lubitz, W. 1996. Site-directed mutations affecting the spectroscopic characteristics and midpoint potential of the primary donor in photosystem I. Biochemistry 35: 12857–12863.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wynn, R. and Malkin, R. 1990. The Photosystem I 5.5 kDa subunit (the psaK gene product). An intrinsic subunit of the PSI reaction center complex. FEBS Lett. 262: 45–48.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wynn, R.M., Luong, C. and Malkin, R., 1989a. Maize photosystem I. Identification of the subunit which binds plastocyanin. Plant Physiol. 91: 445–449.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wynn, R.M. and Malkin, R. 1988a. Characterization of an isolated chloroplast membrane Fe-S protein and its identification as the photosystem I Fe-SA/Fe-SB binding protein. FEBS Lett. 229: 293–297.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wynn, R.M. and Malkin, R. 1988b. Interaction of plastocyanin with photosystem I: a chemical cross-linking study of the polypeptide that binds plastocyanin. Biochemistry 27: 5863–5969.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wynn, R.M., Omaha, J. and Malkin, R. 1989b. Structural and functional properties of the cyanobacterial photosystem I complex. Biochemistry 28: 5554–5560.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Q., Armbrust, T.S., Guikema, J.A. and Chitnis, PR. 1994a. Organization of photosystem I polypeptides: A structural interactions between PsaD and PsaL subunits. Plant Physiol. 106: 1057–1063.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Q., and Chitnis, P.R. 1995. Organization of photosystem I polypeptides. Identification of PsaB domains that may interact with PsaD. Plant Physiol. 108: 1067–1075.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Q., Guikema, J.A. and Chitnis, P.R. 1994b. Identification of surface-exposed domains on the reducing side of photosystem I. Plant Physiol. 106: 617–624.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Q., Jung, Y.S., Chitnis, V.P., Guikema, J.A., Golbeck, J.H. and Chitnis, P.R. 1994c. Mutational analysis of photosystem I polypeptides in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Subunit requirements for reduction of NADP+ mediated by ferredoxin and flavodoxin. J. Biol. Chem. 2693: 21512–21518.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Q., Odom, W.R., Guikema, J.A., Chitnis, V.P. and Chitnis, P.R. 1994d. Targeted delection of psaJ from the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 indicates structural interactions between the PsaJ and PsaF subunits of photosystem I. Plant Mol. Biol. 2624: 291–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xu, Q., Yu, L., Chitnis, V.P. and Chitnis, P.R. 1994e. Function and organization of photosystem I in a cyanobacterial mutant strain that lacks PsaF and PsaJ subunits. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 3205–3211.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, J., Smart, L.B., Jung, Y.S., Golbeck, J. and Mclntosh, L. 1995a. Absence of PsaC subunit allows assembly of photosystem I core but prevents the binding of PsaD and PsaE in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Plant Mol. Biol. 29: 331–342.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, L., Bryant, D.A. and Golbeck, J.H., 1995a. Evidence for a mixed-ligand [4Fe-4S] cluster in the C14D mutant of PsaC. Altered reduction potentials and EPR spectral properties of the FA and FB clusters on rebinding to the P700-Fx core. Biochemistry 34: 7861–7868.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, L., Vassiliev, I.R., Jung, Y.S., Bryant, D.A. and Golbeck, J.H. 1995b. Modified ligands to FA and FB in photosystem I. II. Characterization of a mixed ligand [4Fe-4S] cluster in the C51D mutant of PsaC upon rebinding to P700-Fx cores. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 28118–28125.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, L., Zhao, J., Lu, W., Bryant, D.A. and Golbeck, J.H. 1993a. Characterization of the [3Fe-4S] and [4Fe-4S] clusters in unbound PsaC mutants C14D and C51D. Midpoint potentials of the single [4Fe-4S] clusters are identical to FA and FB in bound PsaC of photosystem I. Biochemistry 32: 8251–8258.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yu, L., Zhao, J., Mühlenhoff, U., Bryant, D.A. and Golbeck, J.H. 1993b. PsaE is required for in vivo cyclic electron flow around photosystem I in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Plant Physiol. 103: 171–180.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zanetti, G. and Merati, G. 1987. Interaction between photosystem I and ferredoxin: Identification by chemical cross-linking of the polypeptide which binds ferredoxin. Eur. J. Biochem. 169: 143–146.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, J., Li, N., Warren, P.V., Golbeck, J.H. and Bryant, D.A. 1992. Site-directed conversion of a cysteine to aspartate leads to the assembly of a [3Fe-4S] cluster in

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA

    Pradip Manna & Parag R. Chitnis

Authors
  1. Pradip Manna
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Parag R. Chitnis
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

    G. S. Singhal

  2. Technische Universität, Berlin, Germany

    G. Renger  & K.-D. Irrgang  & 

  3. International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India

    S. K. Sopory

  4. University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA

    Govindjee

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Manna, P., Chitnis, P.R. (1999). Function and Molecular Genetics of Photosystem I. In: Singhal, G.S., Renger, G., Sopory, S.K., Irrgang, KD., Govindjee (eds) Concepts in Photobiology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4832-0_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4832-0_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6026-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4832-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation