Abstract
Many species of pickup ions, both of interstellar origin and from an inner, distributed source have been discovered using data from the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer (SWICS) on Ulysses. Velocity distribution functions of these ions were measured for the first time over heliocentric distances between 1.35 and 5.4 AU, both at high and low latitudes, and in the disturbed slow solar wind as well as the steady fast wind of the polar coronal holes. This has given us the first glance at plasma properties of suprathermal ions in various solar wind flows, and is enabling us to study the chemical and, in the case of He, the isotopic composition of the local interstellar cloud. Among the new findings are (a) the surprisingly weak pitch-angle scattering of low rigidity, suprathermal ions leading to strongly anisotropic velocity distributions in radial magnetic fields, (b) the efficient injection and consequent acceleration of pickup ions, especially He+ and H+, in the turbulent solar wind, and (c) the discovery of a new extended source releasing carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and possibly other atoms and molecules in the inner solar system. Pickup ion measurements are now used to study the characteristics of the local interstellar cloud (LIC) and, in particular, to determine accurately the abundance of atomic H, He, N, O, and Ne, the isotopes of He and Ne, as well as the ionization fractions of H and He in the LIC. Pickup ion observations allow us to infer the location of the termination shock and, in combination with measurements of anomalous cosmic rays, to investigate termination shock acceleration mechanisms.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Anders, E. and Grevesse, N.: 1988, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53, 197.
Axford, W. I.: 1972, in C. P. Sonett, P. J. Coleman, Jr., and J. M. Wilcox (eds.), Proc. Solar Wind Conf., Asilomar, California, 1971, NASA SP-308, p. 609.
Banks, P. M.: 1971, J. Geophys. Res. 76, 4341.
Balogh, A., Gonzalez-Esparza, J. A., Forsyth, R. J., Burton, M. E., Goldstein, B. E., Smith, E. J., and Bame, S. J.: 1995, Space Sci. Rev. 72, 171.
Baranov, V. B. and Malama, Y. G.: 1995, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 755.
Blum, P. W. and Fahr, H. J.: 1970, Astron. Astrophys. 4, 280.
Brandt, J. C., A’Hearn, M. F., Randall, C. E., Schleicher, D. G., Shoemaker, E. M., and Stewart, A. I. R: 1996, Earth, Moon and Planets 72, 243.
Fahr, H. J., Ripken, H. W., and Lay, G.: 1981, Astron. Astrophys. 102, 359.
Fisk, L. A.: 1996, Space Sci. Rev. 78, 129.
Fisk, L. A., Schwadron, N. A., and Gloeckler, G.: 1997, Geophys. Res. Letters 24, 93.
Fränz, M., Keppler, E., Krupp, N., Rouss, M. K., and Blake, J. B.: 1995, Space Sci. Rev. 72, 339.
Frisch, P. C.: 1996 ISSI Workshop, Space Sci. Revs. 78, 213.
Frisch, P. C.: 1998, Space Sci. Rev. 86, 107.
Geiss, J. and Witte, M.: 1996, Space Sci. Rev. 78, 229.
Geiss, J., Gloeckler, G., Balsiger H., Fisk, L. A., Galvin, A. B., Gliem, F., Hamilton, D. C., Ipavich, F. M., Livi, S., Mall, U., Ogilvie, K. W., von Steiger, R., and Wilken, B.: 1992, Science 257, 1535.
Geiss, J., Gloeckler, G., Mall, U., von Steiger, R., Galvin, A. B., and Ogilvie, K. W.: 1994a, Astron. Astrophys. 282, 924.
Geiss, J., Gloeckler, G., and Mall, U.: 1994b, Astron. Astrophys. 282, 933.
Geiss, J., Gloeckler, G., Fisk, L. A., and von Steiger, R.: 1995, J. Geophys. Res. 100, 23 373.
Geiss, J., Gloeckler, G., and von Steiger, R.: 1996, Space Sci. Rev. 78, 43.
Gloeckler, G.: 1996, Space Sci. Rev. 78, 335.
Gloeckler, G. and Geiss, J.: 1996, Nature 381, 210.
Gloeckler, G. and Geiss, J.: 1998, Space Sci. Rev. 84, 275.
Gloeckler, G., Hovestadt, D., and Fisk, L. A.: 1979, Astrophys. J. 230, L191.
Gloeckler, G., Wilken, B., Stüdemann, W., Ipavich, F. M., Hovestadt, D., Hamilton, D. C., and Kremser, G.: 1985, Geophys. Res. Letters 12, 325.
Gloeckler, G., Geiss, J., Balsiger, H., Bedini, P., Cain, J. C., Fischer, J., Fisk, L. A., Galvin, A. B., Gliem, F., Hamilton, D. C., Hollweg, J. V., Ipavich, F. M., Joss, R., Livi, S., Lundgren, R., Mall, U., McKenzie, J. F., Ogilvie, K. W., Ottens, F., Rieck, W., Turns, E. O., von Steiger, R., Weiss, W., and Wilken, B.: 1992, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser. 92, 267.
Gloeckler, G., Geiss, J., Balsiger, H., Fisk, L. A., Galvin, A. B., Ipavich, F. M., Ogilvie, K. W, von Steiger, R., and Wilken, B.: 1993, Science 261, 70.
Gloeckler, G., Geiss, J., Roelof, E. C., Fisk, L. A., Ipavich, F. M., Ogilvie, K. W, Lanzerotti, L. J., von Steiger, R., and Wilken, B.: 1994, J. Geophys. Res. 99, 17 637.
Gloeckler, G., Schwadron, N. A., Fisk, L. A., and Geiss, J.: 1995, Geophys. Res. Letters 22, 2665.
Gloeckler, G., Fisk, L. A., and Geiss, J: 1997, Nature 386, 374.
Grün, E., Zook, H. A., Fechtig, H., and Giese, R. H.: 1985, in R. H. Giese and P. Lamy (eds.), Mass Input Into and Output from the Meteoritic Complex in Properties and Interactions of Interplanetary Dust, D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Holland, pp. 411–430.
Gruntman, M.: 1996, J. Geophys. Res. 101, 15 555.
Griinwaldt, H., Neugebauer, M., Hilchenbach, M., Bochsler, P., Hovestadt, D., Bürgi, A., Ipavich, F. M., Reiche, K.-U., Axford, W. I., Balsiger, H., Galvin, A. B., Geiss, J., Gliem, F., Gloeckler, G., Hsieh, K. C., Kallenbach, R., Klecker, B., Livi, S., Lee, M. A., Managadze, G. G., Marsch, E., Möbius, E., Scholer, M., Verigin, M. L, Wilken, B., and Wurz, P.: 1997, Geophys. Res. Letters 24, 1163.
Holzer, T. E.: 1989, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 27, 199.
Hovestadt, D., Klecker, B., Gloeckler, G., Ipavich, F. M., and Scholer, M: 1984, Astrophys. J. 282, L39.
Lallement, R.: 1996, Space Sci. Rev. 78, 361.
Linsky, J. L., Diplas, A., Wood, B. E., Brown, A., Ayres, T. R., and Savage, B. D.: 1995, Astrophys. J. 451, 335.
McNutt, R. L., Belcher, J. W., and Bridge, H. S.: 1981, J. Geophys. Res. 86, 8319.
Möbius, E.: 1996, Space Sci. Rev. 78, 375.
Möbius, E., Hovestadt, D., Klecker, B., Scholer, M., Gloeckler, G., and Ipavich, F. M.: 1985, Nature 318, 426.
Neugebauer, M., Lazarus, A. J., Altwegg, K., Balsiger, H., Schwenn, R., Shelley, E. G., and Ungstrup, E.: 1987, Astron. Astrophys. 187, 21.
Ogilvie, K. W., Gloeckler, G., and Geiss, J.: 1995, Astron. Astrophys. 299, 925.
Quemerais, E., Bertaux, J.-L., Sandel, B. R., and Lallement, R.: 1996, Astron. Astrophys. 290, 961.
Reames, D. V., Richardson, I. G., and Barbier, L. M: 1991, Astrophys. J. 382, L43.
Rucinski, D., Cummings, A. C., Gloeckler, G., Lazarus, A. J., Möbius, E. and Witte, M.: 1996, Space Sci. Rev. 78, 361.
Rucinski, D., Bzowski, M., and Fahr, H.-J.: 1998, Astron. Astrophys., in press.
Schwadron, N. A., Fisk, L. A., and Gloeckler, G.: 1996, Geophys. Res. Letters 23, 2871.
Thomas, G. E.: 1978, Ann. Rev. Earth Planetary Sci. 6, 173.
Vasyliunas, V. M. and Siscoe, G. L.: 1976, J. Geophys. Res. 81, 1247.
Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F., von Steiger, R., and Paerli, R.: 1997, J. Geophys. Res. 102, 17407.
Witte, M., Banaszkiewicz, M., and Rosenbauer, H.: 1996, Space Sci. Rev. 78, 289.
Witte, M., Rosenbauer, H., Banaszkiewicz, M., and Fahr, H. J.: 1993, Adv. Space Res. 13(6), 121.
Young, D. T., Geiss, J., Balsiger, H., Eberhardt, P., Ghielmetti, A., and Rosenbauer, H.: 1977, Geophys. Res. Letters 4, 561.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Gloeckler, G., Geiss, J. (1998). Interstellar and Inner Source Pickup Ions Observed with SWICS on Ulysses. In: Russell, C.T., Mewaldt, R.A., Von Rosenvinge, T.T. (eds) The Advanced Composition Explorer Mission. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4762-0_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4762-0_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-6001-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4762-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive