Abstract
It is important initially to define survey methods. The survey method is not the use of a questionnaire and a large sample with the resulting set of relatively simple statistical analyses. A survey is not synonymous with a particular technique of collecting information. A survey can occur via questionnaires, structured and in-depth interviews, structured or systematic observation, and content analysis of documents (Marsh, 1982; de Vaus, 1986; Babbie, 1990). A survey can occur with one classroom of children, on large and representative samples of teachers and students, and a country’s population (e.g. as in a National Census).
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Baker, C. (1997). Survey Methods in Researching Language and Education. In: Hornberger, N.H., Corson, D. (eds) Encyclopedia of Language and Education. Encyclopedia of Language and Education, vol 8. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4535-0_4
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