Skip to main content

Bilingual Education in Africa: An Overview

  • Chapter

Part of the book series: Encyclopedia of Language and Education ((LANG,volume 5))

Abstract

Bilingual education, the use of two or more languages of instruction at some point in a student’s school career, is practised variably in many African countries. In reviewing the issues, therefore, it is only possible to examine some general characteristics and trends. What I propose to do in this review is (a) to give an exposition of some historical background factors that have influenced bilingual education in Africa, (b) to comment on the policies and practices adopted in selected bilingual programmes, where ex-colonial languages are used as the dominant media of instruction, (c) to draw a comparison with those programmes that adopt indigenous languages as dominant languages of education, and, finally, (d) to give some suggestions for future research and practices. My focus, unless otherwise specified, is on sub-Saharan Africa (see the review by Egbo in Volume 2).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abdulaziz, M.H.: 1971, ‘Tanzania’s national language policy and the rise of Swahili political culture’, in W.H. Whiteley (ed.), Language Use and Social Change, Oxford University Press, London, 160–178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Afolayan, A.: 1976, ‘The six-year primary project in Nigeria’, in A. Bamgbose (ed.), Mother Tongue Education: The West African Experience, UNESCO Press. London, Hodder and Stroughton, Paris, 113–134.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ansre, G.: 1978, ‘The use of indigenous languages in education in sub-Saharan Africa: Presuppositions, lessons, and prospects’, in J.E. Alatis (ed.), Georgetown Round Table on Language and Linguistics, Georgetown University Press, Washington DC, 285–301.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bamgbose, A.: 1976, Mother Tongue Education: The West African Experience. UNESCO Press, London, Hodder and Stroughton, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bamgbose, A.: 1991, Language and the Nation: The Language Question in Sub-Saharan Africa, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.

    Google Scholar 

  • Criper, C. & Dodd, N.: 1984, Report on the Teaching of English Language and Its Use as a Medium in Education in Tanzania, The British Council, Dar es Salaam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, J.: 1979, ‘Linguistic interdependence and the educational development of children’, Review of Educational Research 49, 222–251.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, J.: 1996, Negotiating Identities: Education for Empowerment in a Diverse Society, California Association for Bilingual Education, Ontario, CA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Djité P. G.: 1993, ‘Language and development in Africa’, International Journal of Sociology of Language 100/101, 149–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elugbe, B.O.: 1994, ‘Minority language development in Nigeria: A situation report on rivers and Bendel States’, in R. Fardon & G. Furniss (eds.), African Languages, Development and the State, Routledge, New York, 62–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Emananjo, E.N. (ed.): 1990, Multilingualism,Minority Languages and Language Policy in Nigeria, Agbor, Central Books Limited in Association with the Linguistics Association of Nigeria.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansford, F.H.: 1994, ‘Using existing structures: three phases of mother tongue literacy among Chumburung speakers in Ghana’, in R. Fardon & G. Furniss (eds.), African Languages, Development and the State,Routledge, New York, 76–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyltenstam, K. & Stroud, C.: 1993, Language Issues: Final Report and Recommendations for the Evaluation of Teaching Materials for Lower Primary Education in Mozambique, Research Report Series No.3, National Institute of Education, Maputo.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ngalasso, M.M.: 1986, Etats des langues et langues de l’ état au Zaire,Politique Africaine, No. 23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Namabanda Wamunyima, M.: 1973, The Problems of Teaching and Learning Mother Tongue as a Subject in Primary Schools of Zambia, paper presented for the partial contribution of post-graduate diploma, University of Nairobi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Obondo, M.A.: 1994, ‘The medium of instruction and bilingual education in Africa: An appraisal of problems, practices and prospects’, in I. Ahlgren & K. Hyltenstam (eds.), Bilingualism in Deaf Education,Signum Verl., Hamburg, 274–295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Obondo, M.A.: 1996, From Trilinguals to Bilinguals? A Study of the Social and Linguistic Consequences of Language Shift on a Group of Urban Luo Children in Kenya. PhD Thesis, Centre for Research on Bilingualism, Stockholm University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Obura, A.P.: 1984, ‘Trilingual Kenyans: Our classrooms and resources’, Kenya Journal of Education 2(1), 1–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ohannessian, S.: 1978, ‘The teaching of Zambian languages and the preparation of teachers for language teaching in primary schools’, in S. Ohannessian & M. E. Kashoki (eds.), Language in Zambia,International African Institute, London, 292–328.

    Google Scholar 

  • Othman-Yahya, S.: 1990, ‘When international languages Clash: The possible detrimental effects on development of the conflict between English and Kiswahili in Tanzania’, in C.M. Rubagumya (ed.), Language in Education in Africa: A Tanzanian Perspective, Multilingual Matters Ltd, Clevedon. Philadelphia, 42–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubagumya, C.M. (ed.): 1990, Language in Education in Africa: A Tanzanian Perspective, Multilingual Matters Ltd, Clevedon, Philadelphia, 1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spencer, J.: 1971, ‘Colonial language policies and their legacies’, in T.A. Sebeok (ed.), Linguistics in Sub-Saharan Africa. Current Trends in Linguistics,The Hague, Mouton, 537–547.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tadadjeu, M.: 1980, A Model for Functional Trilingual Education Planning in Africa, UNESCO, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNESCO: 1985, African Community,Languages and their Uses in Literacy and Education,UNESCO, Paris.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vukela, V.H.: 1994, The Complexities of Using English as A Medium of Instruction in South African “Black Schools”, paper presented at the 1Vth International Conference on Law and Languages, Fribourg, Switzerland.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wong Fillmore, L.: 1980, ‘Learning a second language: Chinese children in the American classroom’, in J. Alatis (ed.), Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics, Georgetown University Press, Washington DC, 309–325.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Obondo, M.A. (1997). Bilingual Education in Africa: An Overview. In: Cummins, J., Corson, D. (eds) Bilingual Education. Encyclopedia of Language and Education, vol 5. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4531-2_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4531-2_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-4932-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4531-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics