Skip to main content
  • 591 Accesses

Abstract

Whilst there is no doubt that many chemical and physical tests are useful in the analysis of an unknown vulcanizate, and it would be foolhardy to ignore some of the simpler ones such as the ‘burn’ test, the analyst with instrumental facilities will find that these rapidly tend to supersede the classical chemical methods in the routine analysis of polymeric materials.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abraham, R.J. and Loftus, P. (1978) Proton and 13C Spectroscopy, an Integrated Approach, Heyden, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Agbenyega, J.K. and Hendra, P.J. (1993) The Raman Spectra of Polymers, J. Wiley, Chichester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alekseeva, K.V. (1980) J. Anal. and Appl. Pyrol. 2, 19.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andersen, M.E. (1984) Microbeam Anal. 19, 115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Andersen, M.E. and Muggli, R.Z. (1981) Analyt. Chem. 53, 1772.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Von Ardenne, M. (1938) Z. Physik 109, 553.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, R.B., Williams, V.Z., Davis, A.R. and Giesecke, P. (1944) Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. 16, 9.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beauchaine, J.P. and Rosenthal, R.J. (1987) Microbeam Anal. 22, 185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bovey, F.A. and Tiers, G.V.D. (1960) J. Polym. Sci. 44, 173.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bovey, F.A., Tiers, G.V.D. and Filipovich, G. (1959) J. Polym. Sci. 38, 73.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brazier, D.W. and Nickel, G.H. (1975) Rubber Chem. Technol. 48, 661.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, P.S., Loadman, M.J.R. and Tinker, A.J. (1992) Rubber Chem. Technol. 65,744.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bruck, D. (1988) Proc. 133rd Meeting of A.C.S. (Rubber Division).

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, D.W., Ransaw, H.C. and Altenau, A.G. (1970) Analyt. Chem. 42,1278.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carman, C.J. (1979) Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser. 103, 97.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Carter, R.O., Paputa Peck, M.C., Samus, M.A. and Killgoar, P.C. Jr (1989) Appl. Spectrosc. 43, 1350.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chandler, L.A. and Collins, E.A. (1969) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 13, 1585.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chase, B. (1987) Anal. Chem. 59, 881A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cianetti, E. and Pecci, G. (1969) Ind. Gomma 13, 47. See also Italian Air Force Laboratory Monograph (English) 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, J.K. and Scott, R.A. (1970) Rubber Chem. Technol. 43, 1332.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clayboum, M., Colombel P. and Chalmers, J. (1991) Appl. Spectrosc. 45, 279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cleverley, B. (1979) Food Technol. NZ 14, 8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cleverley, B. and Herrmann, R. (1960) J. Appl. Chem. 10, 192.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cole, H.M., Petterson, D.L., Sljaka, V.A. and Smith, D.S. (1966) Rubber Chem. Technol. 39, 259.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corish, P.J. (1960) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 4, 86.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dannis, M.L. (1963) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 7, 231.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davison, W.H.T., Slaney, S. and Wragg, A.L. (1954) Chem. Ind. 1356.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, B. and Sewell, P.R. (1975) J. IRI 9, 180.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Delides, C., Pethrick, R.A., Cunliffe, A.V. and Klein, P.G. (1981) Polymer 22, 1205.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dinsmore, H.L. and Smith, D.C. (1948) Analyt. Chem. 20, 11.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, B.C. (1975) J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Phys. Edn. 13, 1387.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fahrenfort, J. (1961) Spectrochim. Acta 17, 698.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fielding-Russell, G.S. (1972) Rubber Chem. Technol. 45, 252.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foxton, A.A., Hillman, D.E. and Mears, P.R. (1969) J. IRI 3, 179.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frankland, J.A., Edwards, H.G.M., Johnson, A.F., Lewis, I.R. and Poshyachinda, S. (1991) Spectrochim. Acta 47A, 1511.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fukushima, E. and Roeder, S.B.W. (1981) Experimental Pulse NMR; A Nuts and Bolts Approach, Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fyfe, C.A. (1983) Solid State NMR For Chemists, CFC Press, Guelph, Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gelling, I.R., Loadman, M.J.R. and Sidek, B.D. (1979) J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Edn. 17, 1383.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerrard, D.L. and Maddams, W.F. (1986) Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 22, 251.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Giacabbo, H. and Simon, W. (1964) Pharm. Acta Hely. 39, 162.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goh, S.H. (1980) Thermochim. Acta 39, 353.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gough, T.A. and Jones, C.E.R. (1975) Chromatographia 8, 12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, P.R. and de Haseth, J.A. (1986) Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy, J.Wiley & Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross, D. (1975) Rubber Chem. Technol. 48, 289.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hallmark, V.M. (1987) Spectroscopy 2, 40.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Harms, D.S. (1953) Analyt. Chem. 25, 1140.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haslam, J., Willis, H.A. and Squirrell, D.C.M. (1972) Identification and Analysis of Plastics, 2nd edn, Iliffe, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendra, P.J. and Jackson, K.D.O. (1994) Spectrochim. Acta 50A, 1987.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hendra, P.J. and Mould, H. (1988) Int. Laboratory 18, 34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendra, P.J., Jones, C. and Warnes, G. (1991) Fourier Transform Raman Spectro-scopy; Instrumentation and Chemical Applications, Ellis Horwood, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendra, P.J., Jones, C.J., Wallen, P.J., Ellis, G., Kip, B.J., van Duin, M., Jackson,K.D.O. and Loadman, M.J.R. (1992) Kautsch. Gummi Kunstst. 45, 910.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Higgins, G.M.C. and Loadman, M.J.R. (1970) NR Technol. 10, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Higgins, G.M.C. and Loadman, M.J.R. (1971) Ind. Gomma 15, 50.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hull, C.D. (1997) Confidential Report, TARRC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hull, C.D. and Jackson, K.D.O. (1996) Unpublished work at TARRC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hull, C.D. and Jackson, K.D.O. (1997) Paper presented at IRC 97, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hull, C.D., Jackson, K.D.O. and Loadman, M.J.R. (1996) J. Nat. Rubb. Res. 9(1), 23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hummel, D.O. and Scholl, F.K. (1984) Infrared Analysis of Polymers, Resins and Additives. An Atlas, Vols 1–3, Carl Hanser Verlag, Munich.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda, R.M., Wallach, M.L. and Angelo, R.J. (1969) Block Polymers, S.L. Aggarwal (ed.), Pergamon Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, K.D.O. (1995) Internal Report, MRPRA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jorgensen, A.H., Chandler, L.A. and Collins, E.A. (1973) Rubber Chem. Technol. 46, 1087.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, H.G. and Mandelkern, L. (1972) J. Polym. Sci. Part A.2 10, 1125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kinsey, R.A. (1990) Rubber Chem. Technol. 63, 407.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Komoroski, R.A. (ed.) (1986) High Resolution NMR Spectroscopy of Synthetic Polymers in Bulk, VCH Publishers, Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krishen, A. (1972) Analyt. Cheer. 44, 494.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krishen, A. (1974) ASTM STP 553, 74.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kruse, P.F. and Wallace, W.B. (1953) Analyt. Chem. 25, 1156.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kurosaki, K. (1988) Int. Polym. Sci. Technol. 15, 601.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landi, V.R. (1972) Rubber Chem. Technol. 45, 222.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, B. and Singleton, C. (1979) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 24, 2169.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lerner, M. and Gilbert, R.C. (1964) Analyt. Chem. 36, 1382.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Leukroth, G. (1970) Gummi Asbest. Kunstst. 28, 1118.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • van Lieshout, M.H.P.M., Janssen, H.-G. and Cramers, C.A. (1996) J. High Resol. Chromatogr. 19, 193.

    Google Scholar 

  • LiGotti, I. (1972) Paper Presented at 20th Meeting, ISO TC45-WCI, Cologne.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loadman, M.J.R. (1976) Unpublished work at MRPRA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loadman, M.J.R. (1986) J. Thermal Anal. 31, 1183.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loadman, M.J.R. and Davey, J.E. (1978) Unpublished work at MRPRA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loadman, M.J.R. and McSweeney, G.P. (1975) Rev. Gen. Caoutch. Plast. 52, 805.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loadman, M.J.R. and Tidd, B.K. (1976) Unpublished work at MRPRA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loadman, M.J.R. and Tinker, A.J. (1989) Rubber Chem. Technol. 62, 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacKillop, D.A. (1968) Analyt. Chem. 40, 607.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mandelstam, L. and Landsburg, G. (1928) Naturwiss 16, 557.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maurer, J.J. (1973) Polym. Prepr. Am. Chem. Soc. Div. Polym. Chem. 14, 518.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maurer, J.J. (1974) J. Macromol. Sci. Chem. 8, 73.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McClelland, J.F. (1987) Analyt. Chem. 55, 89A.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ney, E.A. and Heath, A.B. (1968) J. IR1 2, 276.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norem, S.D., O’Neill, M.J. and Gray, A.P. (1969) 3rd Proc. Toronto Symp. Thermal. Anal. 221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norem, S.D., O’Neill, M.J. and Gray, A.P. (1970) Thermochim. Acta, 1, 29.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Raman, C.V. and Krishnan, K.S. (1928) Nature 121, 501.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rockley, M.G., Ratcliffe, A.E., Davis, D.M. and Woodard, M.K. (1984) Appl. Spectrosc. 38, 553.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rosencwaig, A. (1980) Photoacoustics and Photoacoustic Spectroscopy, John Wiley and Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sircar, A.K. (1977) Rubber Chem. Technol. 50, 71.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sircar, A.K. and Lamond, T.G. (1972) Rubber Chem. Technol. 45, 329.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sircar, A.K. and Lamond, T.G. (1973a) J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 17, 2569.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sircar, A.K. and Lamond, T.G. (1973b) Rubber Chem. Technol. 46, 178.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sircar, A.K. and Lamond, T.G. (1973c) Thermochim. Acta 7, 287.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sircar, A.K. and Lamond, T.G. (1975a) Rubber Chem. Technol. 48, 301.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sircar, A.K. and Lamond, T.G. (1975b) Rubber Chem. Technol. 48, 631.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sircar, A.K. and Lamond, T.G. (1975c) Rubber Chem. Technol. 48, 640.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sircar, A.K. and Lamond, T.G. (1975d) Rubber Chem. Technol. 48, 653.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sircar, A.K. and Voet, A. (1970) Rubber Chem. Technol. 43, 1327.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Slicter, C.P. (1990) Principles of Magnetic Resonance, 3rd edn, Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smekal, A. (1923) Naturwiss 11, 873.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D.A. (1966a) Kaut. u Gummi 19, 477.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D.A. (1966b) J. Polym. Sci. Part B 4, 215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, L.N. (1969) Proc. Toronto Symp. Therm. Anal. 205.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stothers, J.B. (1972) Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy, Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Talalay, L. (1963) Rubber Chem. Technol. 36, 581.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tinker, A.J. (1995) Rubber Chem. Technol. 68, 460.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tonelli, A.E. (1989) NMR Spectroscopy and Polymer Microstructure, VCH Publishers, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Truett, W.L. (1977) Wilks Scientific Application Report No. 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Werstler, D.D. (1980) Rubber Chem. Technol 53, 1191.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C.H.G. (1862) J. Chem. Soc. 15, 110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeager, F.W. and Becker, J.W. (1977) Analyt. Chem. 49, 722.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuen, H.K., Grote, W.A. and Young, R.C. (1980) Thermochim. Acta 42, 305.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Loadman, M.J.R. (1998). Instrumental polymer analysis. In: Analysis of Rubber and Rubber-like Polymers. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4435-3_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4435-3_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5905-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4435-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics