Abstract
Regrowth processes in drinking water distribution systems may lead to hygienic, aesthetic and technical problems. These complex processes depend on interactions between microorganisms and (i), compounds serving as energy sources; (ii), environmental conditions (temperature, hydraulics) and (iii), physico-chemical processes (sedimentation, corrosion, disinfection), respectively. The concentration of growth-promoting compounds is considered as the main driving force for regrowth and a large variety of tests has been developed to assess the growth-promoting properties of treated water. These methods range from determining the decrease of the concentration of dissolved organic carbon in a batch test to the assessment of the Biofilm Formation Rate (BFR) in a flow-through test. Biostability assessment of treated water in the Netherlands includes the AOC test in combination with the BFR test. The growth-promoting properties of synthetic materials in contact with treated water are determined with the Biofilm Formation Potential (BFP) test. A complete understanding of regrowth processes enabling to define appropriate control measures requires further research including: (i), the effect of reactive surfaces on the availability of slowly degradable compounds, and (ii), improvement of mathematical models describing regrowth processes.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Beijerinck, M. W.:1891, “Qualitative und quatitative microbiologische Analyse,” Centralblatt für Bakteriologie und parasitenkunde X, 723–727.
Bryan, P. E., Kuzminski, L. N., Sawyer, F. M. and Feng, T. H.: 1973, “Taste thresholds of halogens in water”, Jour. Am. Water Works Assoc. 65, 363–368.
Bull, R. J. and Kopfler, F. C.: 1991, Health effects of disinfectants and disinfection by-products, American Water Works Research Foundation, Denver, USA.
Camper, A. K., McFeters, G. A., Characlis, W. G. and Jones, W. L.: 1991, “Growth kinetics of coliform bacteria under conditions relevant to drinking water distribution systems”, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57, 2233–2239.
Camper, A. K., Jones, W. L. and Hayes, J. T.: 1996, “Effect of growth conditions and substratum composition on the persistence of coliforms in mixed-population biofilms,” Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62,4014–4018.
Clark, F. M., Scott, R. M. and Bone, E.: 1967, “Heterotrophic iron precipitating bacteria,” Jour. Am. Water Works Assoc. 59, 1036–1042.
Dukan, S., Levy, Y., Piriou, P., Guyon, F. and Villon, P.: 1996, “Dynamic modelling of bacterial growth in drinking water networks,” Wat. Res. 30, 1991–2002.
Frankland, P. and Frankland, P. 1894, Micro-organisms in water; their significance, identification and removal, Longmans, Green and Co. London, New York.
Heijmans, J. A.: 1928, “De organische stof in het waterleidingbedrijf”, Water en Gas 12, 61–65/69-72.
Huck, P. M.: 1990, “Measurement of biodegradable organic matter and bacterial growth potential in drinking water”, Jour. Am. Water Works Assoc. 82(7), 78–86.
Joret, J. C. and Levy, Y.: 1986, “Méthode rapide d’évaluation du carbone éliminable des eaux par voie biologique”, Trib. Cebedeau 510, 39, 3–9.
LeChevallier, M. W.: 1990, “Coliform regrowth in drinking water: a review”, Jour. Am. Water Works Assoc. 82(11), 74–86.
LeChevallier, M. W., Shaw, N. E., Kaplan, L. E. and Bott, T.: 1993, “Development of a rapid assimilable organic carbon method for water”, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 59, 1526–1531.
Lucena, F., Frais, J. and Ribas, F.: 1990, “A new dynamic approach to the determination of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon in water”, Environmental Technol. 12, 343–347.
Rittmann, B. E. and Snoeyink, V. L.: 1984, “Achieving biologically stable drinking water”, Jour. Am. Water Works Assoc. 76:10, 106–114.
Servais, P., Billen, G. and Hascoët, M. C.: 1987, “Determination of the biodegradable fraction of dissolved organic matter in waters”, Wat. Res. 21, 4:445–450.
Servais, P., Laurent, P., Billen, G. and Gatel, D.: 1995 “Development of a model of BDOC and bacterial biomass fluctuations in distribution systems”, Revue des Sciences de l’Eau. 8, 427–462.
Stanfield, G. and Jago, P. H.: 1987, The development and use of a method for measuring the concentration of assimilable organic carbon in water, WRc-report PRU 1628, WRc Medmenham.
Van der Kooij, D., Visser, A and Oranje, J. P.: 1982, “Multiplication of fluorescent pseudomonads at low substrate concentrations in tap water”, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 48, 229–243.
Van der Kooij, D., Visser, A., and Hijnen, W. A. M.: 1982, “Determining the concentration of easily assimilable organic carbon in drinking water”, Jour. Am. Water Works Assoc. 74, 540–545.
Van der Kooij, D. and Hijnen, W. A. M.: 1984, “Substrate utilisation by an oxalate-consuming Spirillum species in relation to its growth in ozonated water”, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 47, 551–559.
Van der Kooij, D. and Hijnen, W. A. M.: 1985, “Determination of the concentration of maltose-and starch-like compounds in drinking water by growth measurements with a well-defined strain of a Flavobacterium species”, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 49, 765–771.
Van der Kooij, D. and Hijnen, W. A. M.: 1988, “Nutritional versatility and growth kinetics of an Aeromonas hydrophila strain isolated from drinking water”, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54, 2842–2851.
Van der Kooij, D.: 1992, “Assimilable organic carbon as an indicator of bacterial regrowth”, Jour. Am. Water Works Assoc. 84(2), 57–65.
Van der Kooij, D., and Veenendaal, H. R.: 1994, “Assessment of the biofilm formation potential of synthetic materials in contact with drinking water during distribution”, Proc. Am. Water Works Assoc. Water Qual. Technol. Conf. Miami Florida 1993, pp. 1395–1407.
Van der Kooij, D., Veenendaal, H. R., Baars-Lorist, C., van der Klift, H. W. and Drost, Y. C.: 1995, “Biofilm formation on surfaces exposed to treated water”, Wat. Res. 29, 1655–1662.
Van der Kooij, D., Vrouwenvelder, H. S. and Veenendaal, H. R.: 1995b, “Kinetic aspects of biofilm formation on surfaces exposed to drinking water”, Wat. Sci. Tech. 32, 61–65.
Van der Kooij, D., van Lieverloo, J. H. M., Schellart, J. A. and Hiemstra, P.: 1999, “Maintaining quality without a disinfectant residual”, Jour. Am. Water Works Assoc. 91(1), 55–64.
Van der Wende, E., Characklis, W. G. and Smith, D. B.: 1989, “Biofilms and bacterial drinking water quality”, Wat. Res. 23, 1313–1322.
Wadowsky, R. M., Yee, R. B., Mezmar, L., Wing, E. J., and Dowling, J. N.: 1982, “Hot water systems as sources of Legionella pneumophila in hospital and non-hospital plumbing fixtures”, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43, 1104–1110.
Werner, P.: 1985, “Eine Methode zur Bestimmumg der Verkeimungsneigung von Trinkwasser,” Vom Wasser, 65, 257–27
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Van Der Kooij, D. (2000). Biological Stability: A Multidimensional Quality Aspect of Treated Water. In: Belkin, S. (eds) Environmental Challenges. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4369-1_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4369-1_3
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5878-0
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4369-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive