Skip to main content

Chemistry and Radiation Changes in the Ozone Layer

Halogenated Hydrocarbons (Halocarbons) and their Impact on Stratospheric Ozone

  • Chapter
Chemistry and Radiation Changes in the Ozone Layer

Part of the book series: NATO Science Series ((ASIC,volume 557))

  • 203 Accesses

Abstract

Stratospheric Ozone depletion is largely due to chlorine and bromine radicals released from halogenated hydrocarbons. This paper describes properties, emission histories and budgets of relevant substances and outlines the pertinent photochemical processes, along with a comprehensive presentation of halocarbon measurements and global distributions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Crutzen, P.J. (1974) A review of upper atmospheric photochemsitry, Can.J.Chem 52, 1569–1581.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Molina, M.J. and Rowland, F.S. (1974) Stratospheric sink for chlorofluoromethanes: chlorine atom catalyzed destruction of ozone, Nature 249, 810–814.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Midgley, P.M. and McCulloch, A. (1999c) International regulations on halocarbons, in P. Fabian and O.N. Singh (eds.), Reactive Halogen Compounds in the Atmosphere, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Vol. 4E, Springer, Berlin, pp. 203–221.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. McLinden, M.O. and Didion, D.A. (1987) ASHRAE Journal 29, 32 (see Midgley and McCulloch 1999)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Khalil, M.A.K. (1999) Reactive chlorine compounds in the atmosphere, in P. Fabian and O.N. Singh (eds.), Reactive Halogen Compounds in the Atmosphere, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Vol. 4E, Springer, Berlin, pp. 45–79.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  6. Singh, O.N. and Fabian, P. (1999) Reactive bromine compounds, in P. Fabian and O.N. Singh (eds.), Reactive Halogen Compounds in the Atmosphere, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Vol. 4E, Springer, Berlin, pp. 1–43.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  7. Fabian, P. Borchers, R. Krüger, B.C. and Lal, S. (1987) CF4 and C2F6 in the atmosphere, J.Geophys.Res 92, 9831–9835.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Harnisch, J., Borchers, R., Fabian, P., Gäggeler, H.W. and Schotterer, U. (1996) Effect of natural tetrafluoromethane, Nature 384, 32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Vogt, R. (1999). Iodine compounds in the atmosphere, in P. Fabian and O.N. Singh (eds.), Reactive Halogen Compounds in the Atmosphere, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Vol. 4E, Springer, Berlin, pp. 113–128.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Farman, J.C., Gardiner, B.G. and Shanklin, J.D. (1985); Large losses of total ozone in Antarctica reveal seasonal ClOx/NOx interaction, Nature 315, 207–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Midgley, P.M. and McCulloch, A. (1999) Properties and Applications of industrial halocarbons, in P. Fabian and O.N. Singh (eds.) Reactive Halogen Compounds in the Atmosphere, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Vol. 4E, Springer, Berlin, pp.129–153.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  12. Midgley, P.M. and McCulloch, A. (1999b) Production, sales and emissions of halocarbons from industrial sources, in P. Fabian and O.N. Singh (eds.), Reactive Halogen Compounds in the Atmosphere, The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Vol. 4E, Springer, Berlin, pp. 155–202.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  13. Chou, C.C., Milstein, R.J., Smith W.S., Vera Rutz, H., Molina M.J. and Rowland, F.S. (1978) Stratospheric photodissociation of serveral staruated perhalo chlorofluorocarbon compounds in current technological use (Fluorocarbons —13, -113, -114, and —115), JPhys.Chem 82, 1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Cicerone, R.F., Stolarski, R.S. and Walters, S. (1974) Stratosperhic ozone destruction by man-made chlorfluoromethanes, Science 195, 1165–1167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Lary, D.J. (1997) Catalytic destruction of stratospheric ozone, J.Geophys.Res 102, 21515–21526.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Lary, D.J., Chipperfield, M.P., Toumi, R. and Lenton, T. (1996) Heterogeneous atmospheric bromine chemistry, J. Geophys. Res,101,1489–1504.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Fabian, P. (1981) Atmospheric sampling, Adv.Space Res 10, 17–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Schmidt, U. Khedim, A., Knapska, D., Kulessa, G. and Johnen, F.J. (1984) Stratospheric trace gas distribution observed in different seasons, Adv. Space Res 4, 131–134.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Borchers, R., Fabian P. and Penkett, S.A. (1983) First measurements of the vertical distribution of CC14 and CH3CC13 in the stratosphere, Naturwissenschaften 70, 514–516

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Fabian, P. and Gömer D (1984) The vertical distribution of halocarbons in the stratosphere, Fresenius Z. Analyt. Chem 319, 890–897.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Knapska, D., Schmid, U., Jebsen, C., Kulessa, G., Rudolph, J. and Penkett S.A. (1985) Vertical profiles of chlorinated source gases in the midlatitude statrosphere, in C.S. Zerefos and A. Ghazi (eds.), Atmospheric Ozone,Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 117–121.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Schmid U., Kulessa, G., Klein, E., Röth, E.P., Fabian, P. and Borchers, R. (1987) Intercomparison of balloon-borne cryogenic whole air samplers during the MAP-GLOBUS 1983 campaign, Planet.Space Sci 35, 647–656.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Fabian, P., Borchers, R., Leifer, R., Subbaraya, B.H., Lal, S. and Boy, M. (1996) Global stratospheric distribution of halocarbons, Atmosph.Environ 30, 1787–1796.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Fabian, P. (1987) Proposed reference models for CO2 and halogenated hydrocarbons, Adv.Space Res 7, 63–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Duscha, H., Borchers, R., Fabian, P. and Bischof, W. (1990) First results of RASMUS: source gases in the mesosphere, Ad.Space Res 10, 77–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Leifer, R. (1992) Project airstream trace gas final report EML-549, US Dept. of Energy, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Montzka, S.A., Butler, J.H., Myers, R.C., Thompson, T.M., Swanson, T.H., Clarke, A.D., Lock, L.T. and Elkins, J.W. (1996) Decline in the tropospheric abundance of halogen from halocarbons: implications for stratospheric ozone depletion, Science 272, 1318–1322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Frank, H., Klein, A. and Renschen, D. (1996) Environmental Trifluoroacetate, Nature 382, 34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Fabian, P. (2000). Chemistry and Radiation Changes in the Ozone Layer. In: Zerefos, C.S., Isaksen, I.S.A., Ziomas, I. (eds) Chemistry and Radiation Changes in the Ozone Layer. NATO Science Series, vol 557. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4353-0_18

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4353-0_18

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-6514-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4353-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics