Abstract
In stellar models, the equation of state and opacity are, together with nuclear reaction rates, the fundamental material properties. They have to be smooth, consistent, valid over a large range of temperatures and densities, and must incorporate the most important astrophysically relevant chemical elements. The equation of state appears as a necessary part of stellar modeling as well as of any opacity calculation. For the latter, it has to provide ionization equilibrium concentrations and level populations. However, the interest in the stellar equation of state is not merely motivated by astrophysics. It has turned out that one star - the Sun - is very special in two respects. First, the methods of helioseismology allow us to infer conditions in the solar interior very accurately (in particular, sound speed and density). Second, in the solar convection zone, helioseismology presents an opportunity to isolate the question of the equation of state from opacity and nuclear reaction rates, since the stratification is essentially adiabatic and thus determined by thermodynamics (Christensen-Dalsgaard & Däppen 1992).Thus the Sun has become an astrophysical laboratory to study thermodynamic properties of a Coulomb system under conditions that cannot be achieved on Earth. Indirectly thus, the solar experiment also addresses a broader range of plasmas. In astrophysics, results for denser plasmas will have impact on models of Jupiter, Saturn, and probably brown and white dwarfs (Cauble et al. 1998), as well as of low-mass stars.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abdallah, J., Jr. & Clark, R.E.H. 1985, TOPS: A Multigroup Opacity Code, Los Alamos Report LA-10454.
Alastuey, A. & Perez, A. 1992, Europhys. Lett., 20, 19–24.
Alastuey, A. & Perez, A. 1996, Phys. Rev. E, 53, 5714.
Alastuey, A., Cornu, F. & Perez, A. 1994, Phys. Rev. E, 49, 1077.
Alastuey, A., Cornu, F. & Perez, A. 1995, Phys. Rev. E, 51, 1725.
Alexander, D.R. & Ferguson, J.W. 1994, Astrophys. J., 437, 879
Antia H.M. 1998, A&A, 330, 336.
Anders, E. & Grevesse, N., 1989, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 53, 197.
Bahcall & Glasner, 1994, Astrophys. J., 437, 484.
Basu, S. & Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 1997, Astron. Astrophys., 322, L5–L8.
Basu, S., Däppen, W. & Nayfonov, A. 1999, Astrophys. J., in pre
Baturin, V.A., Däppen, W., Wang, X. & Yang, F. 1996, in Proc. 32nd Liège International Astrophysical Colloquium “Stellar Evolution: What Should be Done”, ed. M. Gabriel & A. Noels (Liège: Institut d’Astrophysique), 33.
Bautista, M.A. & Pradhan, A.K.: 1997, Astron. Astrophys., 126, 365.
Bell, R.A. 1993, B.A.A.S., 183, 111.07.
Berrington, K.A. 1995, The Opacity Project, vol. II, (Bristol: Institute of Physics Publishing).
Boercker, D.B.: 1987, Astrophys. J., 316, L95.
Briiggen, M. & Gough, D.O. 1999, Phys. Rev. E, submitted.
Brun, A.S., Turck-Chieze, S. & Morel, P. 1998, Astrophys. J., 506, 913.
Cameron, A.G.W. 1973, Space Science Reviews, 15, 121.
Canuto, V. 1970, Astrophys. J., 159, 641.
Cassisi, S., Castellani, V., Salaris, M. & Straniero, O. 1994, Astron. Astrophys., 282, 760.
Cauble, R., Perry, T.S., Bach, D.R., Budil, K.S., Hammel, B.A. et al. 1998, Phys. Rev. Letters, 80, 1248.
Charbonnel, C., Däppen, W., Schaerer, D., Bernasconi, P.A., Maeder, A., Meynet, G., Mowlavi, N. 1999, Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. Ser., 135, 405.
Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 1991, in Lecture Notes in Physics, Vol. 388: Challenges to Theories of the Structure of Moderate-mass Stars, ed. D.O. Gough & J. Toomre (Heidelberg: Springer), 11.
Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 1998, Space Science Reviews, 85, 19–36.
Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. & Däppen, W. 1992, Astron. Astrophys. Review, 4, 267.
Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. & Dziembowski, W.A., 1999. [Basic aspects of stellar structure and pulsation]. This volume (Chapter I).
Christensen-Dalsgaard, J., Däppen, W. & Lebreton, L. 1988, Nature, 336, 634.
Christensen-Dalsgaard, J., Däppen, W., Dziembowski, W.A. & Guzik, J.A., 1999. [An introduction to helioseismology]. This volume (Chapter II).
Christy, R.F. 1966, Astrophys. J., 144, 108.
Cox, A.N. 1965 in Stars and Stellar Systems, Vol. 8, eds. I.H. Aller & D.R. McLaughlin (Chicago: University of Chicago Press), 195–267.
Cox, A.N.: 1991, Astrophys. J., 381, L7138.
Cox, J.P. & Giuli, R.T. 1968, Principles of Stellar Structure (NewYork: Gordon & Breach)
Cox, A.N. & Stewart, J.N. 1962, Astrophys. J., 67, 113.
Cox, A.N. & Stewart, J.N. 1965, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 11, 22.
Cox, A.N. & Stewart, J.N. 1970a, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 19, 243.
Cox, A.N. & Stewart, J.N. 1970b, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 19, 261.
Cox, A.N. & Tabor, J.E. 1976, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 31, 271.
Cox, A.N., King, D.S. & Tabor J.E. 1973, Astrophys. J.,184, 201.
Däppen, W. 1980, Astron. Astrophys., 91, 212.
Däppen, W. 1998, Space Science Reviews, 85, 49–60.
Däppen, W., Anderson, L.S. & Mihalas, D. 1987, Astrophys. J., 319, 195.
Däppen, W., Keady, J. & Rogers, F. 1991, in The Solar Interior and Atmosphere, edited by A.N. Cox, W. Livingston & R. Mathews (University of Arizona Press, Tucson, Ariz., 1991), 112–139.
Däppen, W., Mihalas, D., Hummer, D.G. & Mihalas, B.W. 1988, Astrophys. J., 332, 261.
Debye, P. & Hückel, E. 1923, Z. Phys., 24, 305.
Diesendorf, M.O. & Ninham, B.W. 1969, Astrophys. J., 156, 1069.
Dimitrievic, M.S. & Konjevic, N. 1980, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Rad. Transf. 24, 451.
Ebeling, W., Kraeft, W.D. & Kremp, D. 1976, Theory of Bound States and Ionization Equilibrium in Plasmas and Solids (DDR-Berlin: Akademieverlag)
Ebeling, W., Förster, A., Fortov, V.E., Gryaznov, V.K. & Polishchuk, A.Ya. 1991, Thermodynamic Properties of Hot Dense Plasmas (Stuttgart: Teubner)
Eggleton, P.P., Faulkner, J. & Flannery, B.P. 1973, Astron. Astrophys., 23, 325.
Elliot J.R. & Kosovichev, A.G 1998, Astrophys. J., 500, L199.
Fowler, R.H. 1936, Statistical Mechanics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
Foley, H.M. 1946, Phys. Rev., 69, 616–628.
Fontaine, G., Graboske, H.C., Jr. & Van Horn, H.M. 1977, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 35, 293.
Fricke, K., Stobie, R.S. & Strittmatter, P.A. 1971Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 154, 23.
Gabriel, M. 1997, Astron. Astrophys., 327, 771.
Gong, Z. & Däppen, W. 1998, in SOH06/GONG98 Workshop, Structure and Dynmaics of the Interior of the Sun and Sun-like Stars, Boston (ESA SP-418), 465.
Gong, Z. & Li, Y. 1998, in IAU Symp. 181, Sounding Solar and Stellar Interiors, eds. J. Provost & F.X. Schmider, 91.
Gong, G., Däppen, W. & Li, Y. 1998, in Cool Stars, Stellar Systems and the Sun, ASP Conf. Ser. Vol. 154, eds. R.A. Donahue & J.A. Bookbinder, 266.
Graboske, H.C., Harwood, D.J. & Rogers, F.J. 1969, Phys. Rev., 186, 210.
Grevesse, N. & Noels, A. 1991, Astron. Astrophys., 242, 488.
Grevesse N., Noels A. 1993, in Origin and Evolution of the Elements, ed. Prantzos N., Vangioni-Flam E. & Cassé M., (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 15.
Griem, H.R.: 1960, Astrophys. J., 132, 883.
Griem, H.R., Baranger, M., Kolb, A.C. & Oertel, G. 1962, Phys. Rev., 125, 126–141.
Guenther, D.B., Kim, Y.-C. & Demarque, P. 1996, Astrophys. J., 463, 382.
Guzik, J.A. & Swenson, F.J. 1997, Astrophys. J., 491, 967.
Guzik, J.A. & Cox, A.N. 1991, Astrophys. J., 381, 333.
Guzik, J.A. & Cox, A.N. 1995, Astrophys. J., 448, 905.
Harris, G.M. 1959, J. Chem. Phys., 31, 1211.
Harris, G.M. 1962, Phys. Rev., 125, 1131.
Harris, G.M., Roberts, J.E. & Trulio, J.G. 1960Phys. Rev., 119, 1832.
Holtsmark, J. 1919, Ann. Phys., 58, 577.
Houdek, G. & Rogl, J., 1993 Communications in Asteroseismology, ed. W. W. Weiss, No. 60.
Hubbard, W.B. & Lampe, M. 1969, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 18, 297.
Huebner, W.F. 1986, in Physics of the Sun, ed. P.A. Sturrock, T.E. Holzer, D.M. Mihalas & R.K. Ulrich (Dordrecht: Reidel), Vol. 1, 33.
Huebner, W.F., Merts, A.L., Magee, N.H. & Argo, M.F. 1977, Los Alamos Scientific Report LA-6760-M.
Hui, A.K., Armstrong, B.H. & Wray, A.A. 1978, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Rad. Transf. 19, 509.
Hummer, D.G. & Mihalas, D. 1988, Astrophys. J., 331, 794.
Iben, I., Jr. 1975, Astrophys. J., 196, 525.
Iglesias, C.A. & Rogers, F.J., 1991, Astrophys. J., 371, 408.
Iglesias, C.A. & Rogers, F.J., 1993, Astrophys. J., 412, 752.
Iglesias, C.A. & Rogers, F.J. 1995, Astrophys. J., 443, 460.
Iglesias, C.A. & Rogers, F.J. 1996, Astrophys. J., 464, 943.
Iglesias, C.A., Rogers, F.J. & Wilson, B.G. 1987 Astrophys. J. Lett., 322, L45.
Iglesias, C.A., Rogers, F.J., & Wilson, B.G. 1992, Astrophys. J., 397, 717.
Iglesias, C.A., DeWitt, H.E., Lebowitz, J.L., MacGowan, D. & Hubbard, W.B.: 1985, Phys. Rev. A., 31, 1698.
Irwin, A., Swenson, F.J., VandenBerg, D., & Rogers, F.J. 1999, in preparation
Itoh, N. & Kohyama, Y. 1993, Astrophys. J., 404, 268.
Itoh, N., Hayashi, H., & Kohyama, Y. 1993, Astrophys. J., 418, 405.
Itoh, N., Hayashi, H., & Kohyama, Y. 1994, Astrophys. J., 436, 418.
Itoh, N., Kohyama, Y., Matsumoto, N., & Seki, M., 1984, Astrophys. J., 285, 758.
Itoh, N., Mitake, S., Iyetomi, H. & Ichimaru, S. 1983, Astrophys. J., 273, 774.
Kraeft W.D., Kremp, D., Ebeling, W. & Röpke G. 1986, Quantum Statistics of Charged Particle Systems (New York: Plenum)
Kurucz, R.L. 1992, Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica, 23, 181.
Lamb, D.Q. 1974, Ph.D. thesis, (Rochester: Univ. Rochester)
Lamb, D.Q. & Van Horn, H.M. 1975, Astrophys. J., 200, 306.
Lee, R.W.: 1988, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Rad. Trans! 40, 561.
Lindholm, E. 1946, Ark. Mat. Astron. Phys., 32a, 17.
Magee, N.H. & Clark, R.E.H. 1998, in Proc. of the International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and their Applications, Gaithersburg, Maryland, in press.
Magee, N.H., Merts, A.L. & Huebner, W.F. 1984, Astrophys. J., 283, 264.
Magee, N.H. Jr., Abdallah, J., Jr., Clark, R.E.H., Cohen, J.S., Collins, L.A., Csanak, G., Fontes, C.J., Gauger, A., Keady, J.J., Kincrease, D.P. & Merts, A.L. 1995, in Astrophysical Applications of Powerful New Databases, eds. S.J. Adelman & W.L. Wiese (ASP Conf. Ser. 78), 51.
Mihalas, D., Däppen, W. & Hummer, D.G. 1988, Astrophys. J., 331, 815.
Nayfonov, A. & Däppen, W. 1998, Astrophys. J., 499, 489.
Nayfonov, A., Däppen, W., Hummer, D.G. & Mihalas, D.M. 1999, Astrophys. J., in press.
Neuforge, C. 1993, Astron. Astrophys., 274, 818.
Perez, A. & Däppen, W. 1999, Astrophys. J., in preparation.
Petersen, J.O.: 1974, Astron. Astrophys., 34, 309.
Reichl, L.E. 1980, A Modern Course in Statistical Physics (Austin: University of Texas Press).
Richer, J., Michaud, M.G., Rogers, F., Iglesias, C., Turcotte, S. & LeBlanc, F. 1997, Astrophys. J., 492, 833.
Rogers, F.J. 1977, Phys. Lett., 61A, 358.
Rogers, F.J. 1981, Phys. Rev., A24, 1531.
Rogers, F.J. 1986, Astrophys. J., 310, 723–728.
Rogers, F.J. 1991, in High Pressure Equations Of State: Theory and Applications (ed. by S. Eliezer & R.A. Ricci, North Holland, New York)
Rogers, F.J. 1994, in The Equation of state in Astrophysics (IAU Colloquium 147, ed. G. Chabrier & E. Schatzman, Cambridge University Press, 1994), 16–42.
Rogers, F.J. 1998, Space Science Reviews, 85, 61–70.
Rogers, F.J. & Iglesias, C.A., 1992 Ap.J. Supp. 401, 361.
Rogers, F.J. & Iglesias, C.A., 1994, Science 263, 50.
Rogers, F.J., Swenson, F.J. & Iglesias, C.A. 1996, Astrophys. J., 456, 902.
Rogers, F.J., Wilson, B.G. & Iglesias, C.A. 1988, Phys. Rev. A38, 5007.
Ross, J.E. & Aller, L.H. 1976, Science, 191, 1223.
Saumon, D., Chabrier, G., & Van Horn, H.M. 1995, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 99, 713.
Seaton, M.J. 1987, J. Phys. B: Atom. Molec. Phys., 20, 6363–6378.
Seaton, M.J. 1988, J. Phys. B.: Atom. Molec. Phys., 21, 3033.
Seaton, M.J. 1992, Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica, 23, 180.
Seaton, M.J. 1993, Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 265, L25.
Seaton, M.J. 1995, The Opacity Project Vol. I, (Bristol: Institute of Physics Publishing)
Seaton, M.J. 1996, Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 279, 95.
Seaton, M.J. 1997, Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 289, 700.
Seaton, M.J., Yan, Y., Mihalas, D. & Pradhan, A.K. 1994, Mon. Not. R. astr. Soc., 266,805.
Sharp, C.M. 1992, Astrophys. J. Suppl., 94, 1.
Stellingwerf, R.F. 1975a, Astrophys. J., 195, 441.
Stellingwerf, R.F. 1975b, Astrophys. J., 199, 705.
Stellingwerf, W.F. 1978, Astrophys. J., 83, 1184.
Simon, N.R. 1982, Astrophys. J. Lett., 260, L87.
Tripathy, S.C., Basu, S. & Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 1997, in Proc. of IAU Symp. 181,eds. Schmider, F.X. & Provost, J., 129.
Vardya, M.S. 1964, Am. J. Phys., 32, 520.
Wiese, W.L., Kelleher, D.E. & Paquette, D.R.: 1972, Phys. Rev. A6, 1132.
Watson, W.D. 1969, Astrophys. J., 157, 375.
Yildiz, M. & Kiziloglu, N. 1997, Astron. Astrophys., 327, 187.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Däppen, W., Guzik, J.A. (2000). Astrophysical Equation of State and Opacity. In: İbanoğlu, C. (eds) Variable Stars as Essential Astrophysical Tools. NATO Science Series, vol 544. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4299-1_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4299-1_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-0-7923-6084-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4299-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive