Skip to main content

Disks, Extrasolar Planets and Migration

  • Conference paper
From Dust to Terrestrial Planets

Abstract

We review results about protoplanetary disk models, protoplanet migration and formation of giant planets with migrating cores. We first model the protoplanetary nebula as an α-accretion disk and present steady state calculations for different values of α and gas accretion rate through the disk. We then review the current theories of protoplanet migration in the context of these models, focusing on the gaseous disk—protoplanet tidal interaction. According to these theories, the migration timescale may be shorter than the planetary formation timescale. Therefore we investigate planet formation in the context of a migrating core, considering both the growth of the core and the build—up of the envelope in the course of the migration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Artymowicz, P.: 1993, ‘On the Wave Excitation and a Generalized Torque Formula for Lindblad Resonances Excited by External Potential’, Astrophys. J. 419, 155–165.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Balbus, S. A., and Hawley, J. F.: 1991, ‘A Powerful Local Shear Instability in Weakly Magnetized Disks. I — Linear Analysis’, Astrophys. J. 376, 214–233.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Balbus, S. A., and Hawley, J. F.: 1998, ‘Instability, Turbulence, and Enhanced Transport in Accretion Disks’, Rev. Mod. Phys. 70, 1–53.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Balbus, S. A., and Hawley, J. F.: 2000, this volume.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beckwith, S. V. W., and Sargent, A. I.: 1996, ‘Circumstellar Disks and the Search for Neighboring Planetary Systems’, Nature 383, 139–144.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bell, K. R., and Lin, D. N, C.: 1994, ‘Using FU Orionis Outbursts to Constrain Self-Regulated Protostellar Disk Models’, Astrophys. J. 427, 987–1004.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bertin, G., and Lin, C. C.: 1996, ‘Spiral Structure in Galaxies — A Density Wave Theory’, The MIT Press, Cambridge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bodenheimer, P.: 1998,‘Formation of Substellar Objects Orbiting Stars’, in R. Rebolo, E.L. Martin, and M.R. Zapatero Osorio (eds.), Brown Dwarfs and Extrasolar Planets, ASP Conf. Ser. 134, p. 115.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bodenheimer, P., Hubickyj, O., and Lissauer, J. J.: 2000, ‘Models of the in Situ Formation of Detected Extrasolar Giant Planets’, Icarus 143, 2–14.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bodenheimer, P., and Pollack, J. B.: 1986, ‘Calculations of the Accretion and Evolution of Giant Planets: The Effects of Solid Cores’, Icarus 67, 391–408.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Boss, A. P.: 1998, ‘Evolution of the Solar Nebula. IV. Giant Gaseous Protoplanet Formation’, Astrophys. J. 503, 923–937.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Bryden, G., Chen, X., Lin, D. N. C., Nelson, R. P., and Papaloizou, J. C. B.: 1999, ‘Tidally Induced Gap Formation in Protostellar Disks: Gap Clearing and Suppression of Protoplanetary Growth’, Astrophys. J. 514, 344–367.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Burrows, C. J., et al.: 1996, ‘Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the Disk and Jet of HH 30’, Astrophys. J. 473, 437–451.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, P., Marcy, G., Fischer, D., Brown, T., Contos, A., Korzennik, S., Nisenson, P., and Noyes, R.: 1999, ‘Evidence for Multiple Companions to Upsilon Andromedae’, Astrophys. J. submitted.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cameron, A. G. W.: 1978, ‘Physics of the Primitive Solar Accretion Disk’, Moon Planets 18, 5–40.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Chabrier, G., Saumon, D., Hubbard, W. B., and Lunine, J. I.: 1992, ‘The Molecular-Metallic Transition of Hydrogen and the Structure of Jupiter and Saturn’, Astrophys. J. 391, 817–826.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Chambers, J. E., Wetherill, G. W., and Boss, A. P.: 1996, ‘The Stability of Multi-Planet Systems’, Icarus 119, 261–268.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Chiang, E. I., and Goldreich, P.: 1997, ‘Spectral Energy Distributions of T Tauri Stars with Passive Circumstellar Disks’, Astrophys. J. 490, 368–376.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldreich, P., and Tremaine, S.: 1979, ‘The Excitation of Density Waves at the Lindblad and Corotation Resonances by an External Potential’, Astrophys. J. 233, 857–871.

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldreich, P., and Tremaine, S.: 1980, ‘Disk-Satellite Interactions’, Astrophys. J. 241, 425–441.

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ivanov, P. B., Papaloizou, J. C. B., and Polnarev, A. G.: 1999, ‘The Evolution of a Supermassive Binary Caused by an Accretion Disk’, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 307, 791–891.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kley, W.: 1999, ‘Mass Flow and Accretion Through Gaps in Accretion Disks’, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 303, 696–710.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Koresko, C. D.: 1998, ‘A Circumstellar Disk in a Pre-Main-Sequence Binary Star’, Astrophys. J. 507, L145–L148.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Korycansky, D.G., and Papaloizou, J.C.B.:1996,‘A Method for Calculations of Nonlinear Shear Flow: Application to Formation of Giant Planets in the Solar Nebula’, Astrophys. J. Sup. 105, 181–190.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuiper, G. P.: 1951, in J. A. Hynek (ed.), Astrophysics, McGraw Hill, New York, p. 357.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin, C. C., and Shu, F. H.: 1964, Astrophys. J. 140, 646–656.

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, D. N. C., Bodenheimer, P., and Richardson, D. C.: 1996, ‘Orbital Migration of the Planetary Companion of 51 Pegasi to its Present Location’, Nature 380, 606–607.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, D. N. C., and Papaloizou, J. C. B.: 1979, ‘On the Structure of Circumbinary Accretion Disks and the Tidal Evolution of Commensurable Satellites’, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 188, 191–201.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lin, D. N. C., and Papaloizou, J.: 1985, ‘On the Dynamical Origin of the Solar System’, in D. C. Black and M. S. Mathews (eds.), Protostars and planets II, Univ. Arizona Press (UAP), Tucson, pp. 981–1072.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin, D.N.C., and Papaloizou, J.C.B.: 1993, ‘On the Tidal Interaction Between Protostellar Disks and Companions’, in E.H. Levy and J.I. Lunine (eds.), Protostars and Planets III, UAP, pp. 749–835.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lissauer, J. J.: 1993, ‘Planet formation’, Annual Rev. of Astron. and Astrophys. 31, 129–174.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Lynden—Bell, D., and Pringle, J. E.: 1974, ‘The Evolution of Viscous Discs and the Origin of the Nebular Variables’, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. 168, 603–637.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Malhotra, R.: 1993, ‘The Origin of Pluto’s Peculiar Orbit’, Nature 365, 819.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mizuno, H.: 1980, ‘Formation of the Giant Planets’, Prog. Theor. Phys. 64, 544–557.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Mundy, L. G., Looney, L. W., and Welch, W. J.: 2000, ‘The Structure and Evolution of Envelopes and Disks in Young Stellar Systems’, in V. Mannings, A. P. Boss, and S. S. Russell (eds.), Protostars and Planets IV, Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, in press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, N., Hansen, B., Holman, M., and Tremaine, S.: 1998, ‘Migrating Planets’, Science 279, 69–72.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Papaloizou, J. C. B., and Lin, D. N. C.: 1984, ‘On the Tidal Interaction Between Protoplanets and the Primordial Solar Nebula — I. Linear Calculation of the Role of Angular Momentum Exchange’, Astrophys. J. 285, 818–834.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Papaloizou, J. C. B., and Lin, D. N. C.: 1995, ‘Theory Of Accretion Disks I: Angular Momentum Transport Processes’, Annual Rev. of Astron. and Astrophys. 33, 505–540.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Papaloizou, J. C., and Terquem, C.: 1999, ‘Critical Protoplanetary Core Masses in Protoplanetary Disks and the Formation of Short-Period Giant Planets’, Astrophys. J. in press (astro-ph/9903310).

    Google Scholar 

  • Perri, F., and Cameron, A. G. W.: 1974, ‘Hydrodynamic Instability of the Solar Nebula in the Presence of a Planetary Core’, Icarus 22, 416–425.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Pollack, J. B., Hubickyj, O., Bodenheimer, P., Lissauer, J. J., Podolak, M., and Greenzweig, Y.: 1996, ‘Formation of the Giant Planets by Concurrent Accretion of Solids and Gas’, Icarus 124, 62–85.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Rasio, F. A., and Ford, E. B.: 1996, ‘Dynamical Instabilities and the Formation of Extrasolar Planetary Systems’, Science 274, 954–956.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Safronov, V.S.: 1969, in: Evolution of the Protoplanetary Cloud and Formation of the Earth and planets, Nauka, Moscow (in Russian). Translated by Israel Program for Scientific Translations (1972). NASA TT F-677.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shakura, N. I., and Sunyaev, R. A.: 1973, ‘Black Holes in Binary Systems: Observational Appearance’, Astron. Astrophys. 24, 337–355.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Stapelfeldt, K. R., Krist, J. E., Menard, F., Bouvier, J., Padgett, D. L., and Burrows, C. J.: 1998, ‘An Edge—On Circumstellar Disk in the Young Binary System HK Tauri’, Astrophys. J. 502, L65–L68.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson, D. J.: 1982, ‘Formation of the Giant Planets’, Planet. Space Sci. 30, 755–764.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Toomre, A.: 1981, ‘What Amplifies the Spirals’, in S. M. Fall, and D. Lynden-Bell (eds.), The Structure and Evolution of Normal Galaxies, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, pp. 111–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, W. R.: 1986, ‘Density Waves in the Solar Nebula — Differential Lindblad Torque’, Icarus 67, 164–180.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, W. R.: 1997a, ‘Survival of Planetary Systems’, Astrophys. J. 482, L211–L214.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Ward, W. R.: 1997b, ‘Protoplanet Migration by Nebula Tides’, Icarus 126, 261–281.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Weidenschilling, S. J., and Marzari, F.: 1996, ‘Gravitational Scattering as a Possible Origin for Giant Planets at Small Stellar Distances’, Nature 384, 619–621.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wetherill, G. W., and Stewart, G. R.: 1989, ‘Accumulation of a Swarm of Small Planetesimals’, Icarus 77, 330–357.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wuchterl, G.: 1993, ‘The Critical Mass for Protoplanets Revisited—Massive Envelopes Through Convection’, Icarus 106, 323–334.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wuchterl, G.: 1995, ‘Giant Planet Formation — A Comparative View of Gas-Accretion’, Earth, Moon, and Planets 67, 51–65.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Caroline Terquem .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this paper

Cite this paper

Terquem, C., Papaloizou, J.C.B., Nelson, R.P. (2000). Disks, Extrasolar Planets and Migration. In: Benz, W., Kallenbach, R., Lugmair, G.W. (eds) From Dust to Terrestrial Planets. Space Sciences Series of ISSI, vol 9. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4146-8_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4146-8_21

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5807-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4146-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics