Abstract
Since Heberden described the clinical picture of Angina Pectoris (“pain in the chest”) in 1772, but especially since Harrick clinched the connection between pain in the chest and myocardial ischemia, this symptom became inseparable from the diagnosis of angina pectoris. Later, ST-depression in the electrocardiogram during a spontaneous attack of chest pain or provoked by exercise, became for many decades the only confirmation of the diagnosis of angina pectoris.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsPreview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Stern S, Tzivoni D. Early detection of silent ischemic heart disease by 24-hour electrocardiographic monitoring of active subjects. Br Heart J. 1974; 16: 481–486.
Schang SJ, Pepine CJ. Transient asymptomatic ST-segment depression during daily activity. Am J Cardiol. 1977; 39: 396–402.
Deanfield JE, Maseri A, Selwyn AP et al. Myocardial ischemia during daily life in patients with stable angina: its relation to symptoms and heart rate changes. Lancet. 1983; 1: 753–758.
Falcone C, Sconocchia R, Guasti L, Codega S, Montemartine C, Speccchia G. Dental pain threshold and angina pectoris in patients with coronary artery disease. J AM Coll Cardiol 1988; 12: 348–52.
Maseri A, Chierchia S, Davies G, Glazier JJ. Mechanisms of ischemic cardiac pain and silent myocardial ischemia. Am J Med 1985; 79 (suppl 3A): 7–11.
Droste C, Roskamm H. Experimental pain measurement in patients with asymptomatic myocardial ischemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 1983; 1: 940–5.
Hikita H, Kurita A, Takase B, Satomura K, Etsuda H, Nakamura H. The role of beta-endorphin in the mechanisms of silent myocardial ischemia. Eur H J Abst. 1997; 18: 56.
Rosen SD, Paulesu E, Nihoyannopoulos P et al. Silent ischemia as a central problem: regional brain activation compaired in silent and painful myocardial ischemia. Ann Intern Med 1996; 124: 939–49.
Stern S, Weisz G, Gavish A et al. Comparison between silent and asymptomatic ischemia during exercise testing in patients with coronary artery disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 1988; 12: 507–12.
Weiner DA, Ryan TJ, McCabe CH et al. Significance of silent myocardial ischemia during exercise testing in patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 1987; 59: 725–729.
Bolognese L, Rossi L, Sarasso G, et al. Silent versus symptomatic dipyridamole-induced ischemia after myocardial infarction: clinical and prognostic significance. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 19: 953–9.
Beller GA. Clinical Nuclear Cardiology (Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders, 1995).
Mahmarian JJ, Pratt CM, Cocanougher MK, Verani MS. Altered myocardial perfusion in patients with angina pectoris or silent ischemia during exercise as assessed by quantitative thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography. Circulation 1990; 82: 1305–15.
Wohlgelertner D, Jaffe CC, Cabin HS, Yeatman LA, Cleman M. Silent ischemia during coronary occlusion produced by balloon inflation: relation to regional myocardial dysfunction. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 10: 491–98.
Pepine C, Hill J, Imperi G, Norvell N. Beta-adrenergic blockers in silent myocardial ischemia. Am J Cardiol 1988; 29: 61: 18B–21B.
Deedwania PC, Nelson JR. Pathophysiology of silent myocardial ischemia during daily life: Hemodynamic evaluation by simultaneous electrocardiographic and blood pressure monitoring. Circulation 1990; 82: 1296–1304.
Andrews TC, Fenton T, Toyosaki N et al. For the Angina and Silent Ischemia Study Group (ASIS). Subsets of ambulatory myocardialischemiabased on heart rate activity: circadian distribution and response to anti-ischemic medication. Circulation 1993; 88: 1962–72.
Rehman A, Zalos G, Andrews NP, Mylcahy C, Quyymi AA. Blood pressure changes during transient myocardial ischemia: insights into mechanisms. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 30: 1249–1255.
Rozanski A, Bairey CN, Krantz DS et al. Mental stress and the induction of silent myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 1988; 318: 1005–1012.
Goldberg AD, Becker LC, Bonsall R et al. Ischemic, hemodynamic, and neurohormonal responses to mental and exercise stress. Experience from the Psychophysiological Investi-cations of Myocardial Ischemia Study (PIMI). Circulation 1996; 94.
Blumenthal JA, Jiang W, Waugh RA et al. Mental stress-induced ischemia in the laboratory and ambulatory ischemia during daily life: association and hemodynamic features. Circulation 1995; 92: 2102–8.
Kral GB, Becker LC, Blumenthal RS, Aversano T, Fleisher LA, Yook RM, Becker DM. Exaggerated reactivity to mental stress is associated with exercise-induced myocardial ischemia in an asymptomatic high-risk population. Circulation 1997; 96: 4246–53.
Rocco MB, Barry J, Campbell S et al. Circadian variation of transient myocardial ischemia in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1987; 75: 395–400.
Mulcahy D, Deegan J, Cunningham Jet al. Circadian variation of total ischemic burden and its alteration with anti-anginal agents. Lancet 1988; 11: 755–9.
Benhorin J, Banai S, Moriel M, Gavish A, Keren A, Stern S, Tzivoni D. Circadian variation in ischemic threshold and their relation to the occurrence od ischemic episodes. Circulation 1993; 87: 808–14.
Muller JE, Ludmer PL, Willich SN et al. Circadian variation in the frequency of sudden death. Circulation 1987; 75: 131–8.
Kranz DS, Kop WJ, Gabbay FH et al. Circadian variation of ambulatory myocardial ischemia: triggering by daily activities and evidence for an endogenous circadian component. Circulation 1996;93:1364–71.
Parker JD, Testa MA, Jimenez AH et al. Morning increase in ambulatory ischemia in patients with stable coronary artery disease: importance of physical activity and increased cardiac demand. Circulation. 1994;89:604–614.
Stern S., Gottlieb S. Silent myocardial ischemia in women. In: Julian DG, Wenger NK, eds. Woman and Heart Disease. London: Martin Dunitz; 1997:125–33.
Mulcahy D, Dakak N, Zalos G et al. Patterns and behavior of transient myocardial ischemia in stable coronary disease are the same in both men and women: a comparative study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;27:1629–36.
Vinola X, Guindo J, Rodriguez E, Bayes de Luna A. Sudden death and myocardial ischemia. In: Stern S, ed. Silent Myocardial Ischemia. London: Martin Dunitz; 1998:67–83.
Pepine CJ, Gottlieg SO, Morganroth J. Ambulatory ischemia and sudden death: analysis of 35 cases of sudden death during ambulatory ECG monitorying. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;17:63–5.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Stern, S. (2000). Silent Ischemia: The 1998 Status: New Observations on Triggers, Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Circadian Variations. In: Osterhues, HH., Hombach, V., Moss, A.J. (eds) Advances in Noninvasive Electrocardiographic Monitoring Techniques. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 229. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4090-4_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4090-4_23
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5796-7
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-4090-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive