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Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)

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The Origins of Statics

Part of the book series: Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science ((BSPS,volume 123))

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Abstract

The commentaries of the Scholastics dealing with the Mechanical Problems of Aristotle added nothing essential to the ideas of the Stagirite. To see these ideas develop new branches and bear new fruits, one must wait for the beginning of the 16th century.

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References

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  2. T. N.: The Italian title reads, Treatise on Painting.

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  3. T. N.: The Italian title reads, Treatise on the Motion and Measure of Water.

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  4. The detailed history of these manuscripts can be found at the beginning of the first volume of the handsome edition by Charles Ravaisson-Mollien: Les Manuscrits de Léonard de Vinci, Paris, A. Quantin, 1881.

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  5. Les Manuscrits de Léonard de Vinci, published by Ch. Ravaisson-Mollien, Paris, A. Quantin, Vol. I (1881): Ms. A from the Bibliothèque de l’Institut; Vol. II (1883): Ms. B of the Bibliothèque de l’Institut; Vol. III (1888): Mss. C, E and K of the Bibliothèque de l’Institut; Vol. IV (1889): Mss. F and I of the Bibliothèque de l’Institut; Vol. V (1890): Mss. G, L and M of the Bibliothèque de l’Institut; Vol. VI (1891): Ms. H of the Bibliothèque de l’Institut, and Mss. No. 2037 and No. 2038 in Italian from the Bibliothèque Nationale (Acq. 8070, Libri).

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  6. I Manoscritti di Leonardo da Vinci Codice sul volo degli uccelli e varie altre materie (T. N.: The Italian reads, “Codex on the flight of birds and several other topics”), published by Teodoro Sabachnikoff; transcription and notes by Giovanni Piumati: translated into French by Charles Ravaisson-Mollien; Paris, Edouard Rouveyre, editor, 1893.

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  7. T. N.: The meaning of the French term is vague. In technical terms, it probably refers to a hydraulic jump.

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  8. Les Manuscrits de Léonard de Vinci, published by Ch. Ravaisson-Mollien; Ms. E. of the Bibliothèque de l’Institut, folio 8, verso Paris, 1888. (T. N.: The French translation of this passage by Ravaisson-Mollien is imprecise and should read, “Mechanics is the paradise of mathematical science because with it one attains the rewards of mathematics.”)

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  14. Les Manuscrits de Léonard de Vinci, published by Ch. Ravaisson-Mollien; Ms. F of the Bibliothèque de l’Institut, folio 51, verso. Paris, 1889.

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  15. T. N.: Duhem’s text contains an obvious error here. “... half the space” should read “twice the space.” Compare proposition one.

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  16. Les Manuscrits de Léonard de Vinci, published by Ch. Ravaisson-Mollien; Ms. A of the Bibliothèque de l’Institut, folio 45, recto. Paris, 1881.

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  18. Les Manuscrits de Léonard de Vinci, published by Ch. Ravaisson-Mollien; Ms. A of the Bibliothèque de l’Institut, folio 33, verso; entitled “The Capacity of the Force to Push and Pull,” Paris 1881.

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  20. T. N.: A “brasse” is approximately five feet.

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  23. T. N.: Although Duhem uses the term “resistance,” “moment” would be more appropriate in modern usage.

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  24. Les Manuscrits de Léonard de Vinci, published by Ch. Ravaisson-Mollien; Ms. E of the Bibliothèque de l’Institut, folio 72, verso. Paris, 1883.

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  25. Les Manuscrits de Léonard de Vinci, published by Ch. Ravaisson-Mollien; Ms. E of the Bibliothèque de l’Institut, folio 64, recto. Paris, 1888.

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  27. Les Manuscrits de Léonard de Vinci, published by Ch. Ravaisson-Mollien; Ms. M of the Bibliothèque de l’Institut, folio 40, recto. Paris, 1890.

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  28. T. N.: From the Latin “circumvolvo,” meaning to turn around or rotate.

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  29. Les Manuscrits de Léonard de Vinci, published by Ch. Ravaisson-Mollien; Ms. M of the Bibliothèque de l’Institut, folio 50, recto and verso. Paris, 1890.

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  30. Les Manuscrits de Léonard de Vinci, published by Ch. Ravaisson-Mollien; Ms. A of the Bibliothèque de l’Institut, folio 52, recto. Paris, 1881.

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  31. Les Manuscrits de Léonard de Vinci, published by Ch. Ravaisson-Mollien; Ms. G of the Bibliothèque de l’Institut, folio 75, recto. Paris, 1890. Cf. Ibid., folio 76, verso.

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  32. Les Manuscrits de Léonard de Vinci, published by Ch. Ravaisson-Mollien; Ms. G of the Bibliothèque de l’Institut, folio 76, verso; folio 77, recto. Paris, 1890.

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  33. Les Manuscrits de Léonard de Vinci, published by Ch. Ravaisson-Mollien; Ms. E of the Bibliothèque de l’Institut, folio 6, recto. Paris, 1888.

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  34. Les Manuscrits de Léonard de Vinci, published by Ch. Ravaisson-Mollien; Ms. G of the Bibliothèque de l’Institut, folio 39, verso. Paris, 1890.

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  35. Les Manuscrits de Léonard de Vinci, published by Ch. Ravaisson-Mollien; Ms. E of the Bibliothèque de l’Institut, folio 1, verso. Paris, 1888.

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  36. I Manoscritti di Leonardo da Vinci, Codice sul volo degli uccelli e varie altre materie; Published by Teodoro Sabachnikoff; Transcription and notes by Giovanni Piumati; translated into French by Charles Ravaisson-Mollien; Paris, Edouard Rouveyre, editor, 1893, folio 4, recto. (T. N.: The Italian reads, Codex on the Flight of Birds and Various Other Topics.)

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  37. T. N.: In order to demonstrate this claim, consider the equilibrium of point o where the component forces due to weights p and q are horizontal.

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Authors
  1. Pierre Duhem
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© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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Duhem, P. (1991). Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519). In: The Origins of Statics. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol 123. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3730-0_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3730-0_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5658-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-3730-0

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