Abstract
Aromatic amino acid monoamine precursors can be applied in PET studies to study cerebral uptake of the amino acid neurotransmitter precursors and the subsequent intracerebral synthesis of monoamines. The modification of the intracerebral kinetics induced by the action of aromatic Lamino acid decarboxylase (AADC), a nonspecific enzyme which catalyses the decarboxylation of a large number of aromatic L-amino acids, permits the possibility to interpret kinetic information in terms of a biochemical process in vivo.The advantage of studying AADC characteristics in vivo is emphasised by the relatively high sensitivity of AADC in vitro for changes in the reaction milieu. Several important functional implications can be derived from studying monoamine precursor kinetics in vivo with PET.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Agid Y. (1989) Dopaminergic systems in Parkinson’s disease. In: Quinn NP, Jenner PG, eds. Disorders of Movement: Clinical, Pharmacological and Physiological aspects. Academic Press, London, pp. 85–107
Bowsher RR, Henry DP. (1986) Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase: biochemistry and functional significance. In: Boulton AA, Baker GB, Yu PH, eds. Neuromethods, Series 1: Neurochemistry. Humana Press, Clifton, New Jersey, pp. 33–77
Bredberg E, Tedroff J, Aquilonius S-M, Paalzow L. (1990) Pharmacokinetics and effects of levodopa in advanced Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 39:385–389
Buu N. (1989) Vesicular accumulation of dopamine following L-DOPA administration. Biochem Pharmacol 38:1787–1792
Caine DB, Langston JW, Martin WRW et al. (1985) Positron emission tomography after MPTP: observations relating to the cause of Parkinson’s disease. Nature 317:246–248
Carlsson A, Hillarp N-Å, Waldeck B. (1962) A Mg2+-ATP dependent storage mechanism in the amine granules of the adrenal medulla. Med Exp. 6:47–53
Carlsson A, Lindqvist M, Magnusson T. (1957) 3,4Dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5- hydroxytryptophan as reserpine antagonists. Nature 180:1200
Carlsson A, Rosengren E, Bertler Å, Nilsson J. (1957) Effect of reserpine on the metabolism of catechol amines In: Garattini S, Ghetti V eds. Psychotropic drugs, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 363–372
Carlsson A. (1987) Monoamines in the central nervous system: A historical perspective. In: Meltzer HY ed.Psychopharmacology: The third generation of progress. Raven Press, New York, pp. 39–48
Chirakal R, Garnett ES, Schrobilgen GJ, Nahmias C, Firnau G.(1991) 18F and the dopamine pathway. Chem Brit 14:47–52
Christenson JG, Dairman W, Undenfriend S. (1972) On the identity of DOPA decarboxylase and 5-HTP decarboxylase.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69:343–374
Eriksson T, Carlsson A. (1988) ß-adrenergic control of brain uptake of large neutral amino acids. Life Sci 42:1583–1589
Garnett ES, Firnau G, Nahmias C, Chirakal R. (1983) Striatal dopamine metabolism in living monkeys examined by positron emission tomography. Brain Res 280:169–171
Goldstein M, Fuxe K, Hökfelt T. (1972) Characterisation and tissue localization of catecholamine-syntheseizing enzymes. Pharmacol Rev 24:293–295
Hardebo JE, Edvinsson L, Owman C, Rosengren E. (1977) Quantitative evaluation of the blood-brain barrier capacity to form dopamine from circulating L-DOPA. Acta Physiol Scand 99:377–384
Hartvig P, Tedroff J, Lundqvist H, Bjurling P, Långström B. (1991a) Brain kinetics of 11C-labelled tryptophan and 5-hydroxy-tryptophan in the brain of the Rhesus monkey measured with positron emission tomography. Submitted to J Neural Transm
Hartvig P, Lindner KJ, Tedroff J, Bjurling P, Chang Chi-Wei, Tsukada H, Watanabe Y, Långström B. (1991b) Positron emission tomographic studies on the selectivity andsaturation of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan decarboxylase in the monkey brain. Submitted to J Neural Transm
Hartvig P, Lindner KJ, Tedroff J, Bjurling P, Hörnfelt K, Långström B. (1991c) Regional brain kinetics of 6fluoro-[11C]-L-DOPA and [11c] -L-DOPAfollowing COMTinhibition. A study in vivo using PET. Submitted to J Neural Transm
Hartvig P, Ågren H, Reibring L, Tedroff J, Bjurling P, Kihlberg T, Långström B. (1991d) Brain kinetics of [ß-11C]-L-DOPA in humans studied by positron emission tomography. J Neural Transm (in press)
Holz P. (1939) Dopadecarboxylase. Naturwissenschaften 27:724–725
Koshimura K, Miwa S, Lee K, Fujiwara M, Watanabe Y. (1990) Enhancement of dopamine release in vivo from the rat striatum by dialytic perfusion of 6R-L-erythro-5,6,7,8tetrahydro-biopterin. J Neurochem 54:1391–1397
Leenders KL, Poewe WH, Palmer AJ, Brenton DP, Frackowiak RSJ. (1986) Inhibition of L-[18F]fluorodopa uptake into human brain by amino acids demonstrated by positron emission tomography. Ann Neurol 20:258–262
Lloyd KG, Davidson L, Hornykiewicz O. (1975) The neurochemistry of Parkinson’s disease: effect of L-DOPA therapy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 195:453–464
Lloyd KG, Hornykiewicz O. (1972) Occurrence and distribution of aromatic L-amino acid (L-dopa) decarboxylase in the human brain. J Neurochem 19:1549–1559
MacKay AVP, Davies P, Dewar AJ, Yates CM. (1978) Regional distribution of enzymes associated with neurotransmission by monoamines, acetylcholine and GABA in the human brain. J Neurochem 30:827–839
Martin WRW, Palmer MR, Patlak CS, Calne DM. (1989) Nigrostriatal function in humans studied with positron emission tomography. Ann Neurol 26:453–464
Masserano JM, Weiner N. (1983) Tyrosine hydroxylase regulation in the central nervous system. Mol Cell Biochem 53:129–152
Mc Millen BA, German DC, Shore PA. (1980) Functional and pharmacological significance of brain dopamine and norepinephrine storage pools. Biochem Pharm 29:3045–3050
Melamed E, Hefti F, Wurtman RJ. (1980) DOPA and 5-HTP decarboxylase activities in rat striatum: effect of selective destruction of dopaminergic or serotoninergic input. J Neurochem 34:1753–1756
Melamed E, Rosenthal J, Reches A. (1990) Systemically administered dopamine: can it cross the blood-brain barrier after inhibition of monoamine oxidase ?Abstract. European Conference on Parkinson’S disease and Extrapyramidal disorders
Melamed E. (1988) Role of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in mediating the effect of exogenous L-dopa in Parkinson’s disease. Mount Sinai J Med 55:35–42
Melega WP, Luxen A, Perlmutter MM, Nissenson C, Phelps, M., Barrio, JR. (1990) Comparative in vivo metabolism of 6[18F]fluoro-L-DOPA and [3H]L-DOPA in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 39:1853–1860
Melega WP, Perlmutter MM, Luxen A, Nissenson HK, Grafton ST, Huang S-C, Phelps ME, Barrio JR. 4-[18F]Fluoro-L-mtyrosine: an L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine analog for probing presynaptic dopaminergic function with positron emission tomography. J Neurochem 1989;53:311–314
Melzer HY, Lowy MT. (1987) The serotonin hypothesis of depression. In: Meltzer HY, ed. Psychopharmacology: Third generation of progress. Raven Press, New York, pp. 513–516
Nagatsu T, Kato T, Nagatsu I et al. (1979) Catecholaminerelated enzymes in the brain of patients with parkinsonism and Wilson’s disease. In: Poirier LJ, Sourkes TL, Bédard PJ eds. Advances in Neurology, Raven Press, New York, pp. 283–292
Oldendorf WH. (1971) Brain uptake of radiolabeled amino acids, amines, and hexoses after arterial injection. Am J Physiol 221:1629–1639
Partridge WM, Choi TB. (1986) Neutral amino acid transport at the blood-brain-barrier. Fed Proc 45:2073–2078
Rahman MK, Nagatsu T, Kato T. (1981) Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase activity in central and peripheral tissues and serum of rats with DOPA and 5HTP as substrates. Biochem Pharmacol 30:645–649
Rahman MK, Nagatsu T. (1982) Demonstration of aromatic Lamino acid decarboxylase activity in human brain with L-DOPA and L-5-hydroxytryptophan as substrates by high-performance liquid chrmatography with electrochemical detection. Neurochem Int 4:1–6
Rosetti ZL, Silvia CP, Krajnc D, Neff NH, Hadjiconstantinou M. (1989) Modulation of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase via a2-adrenoceptors. J Neurochem 52:647–652
Seeman P. (1987) Dopamine receptors and the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. Synapse 1:133–152
Sen G, Bose KC. (1931) Rauwolfia serpentina, a new Indian drug for insanity and high blood pressure. Indian Med World 2:194–201
Shore PA, Silver SL, Brodie BD. (1955) Interaction of reserpine on serotonin and lysergic acid diethylamide in brain. Science 122:284–285
Sims KL, Davies GA, Bloom FE. (1973) Activities of DOPA and 5HTP decarboxylases in rat brain: Assay characteristics and distribution. J Neurochem 20:449–464
Tedroff J, Aquilonius S-M, Hartvig P, Bredberg E, Bjurling P, Långström B. (1991a) Cerebral uptake and utilization of [ß-11C)-L-DOPA in Parkinson’s disease measured by positron emission tomography — relations to motor response. Acta Neurol Scand (in press)
Tedroff J, Aquilonius S-M, Hartvig P, Lundqvist H, Bjurling P, Långström B. (1991b) Estimation of regional cerebral utilization of [11C]-L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in the primate by positron emission tomography. Acta Neurol Scand (in press)
Tedroff J, Aquilonius S-M, Laihinen A, Rinne U, Hartvig P, Andersson J, Lundqvist H, Haaparanta M, Solin O, Antoni G, Gee A D, Ulin J, Långström B. (1990) Striatal kinetics of [11C]-(+)-nomifensine and 6-[18F]fluoro-Ldopa in Parkinson’s disease measured with positron emission tomography. Acta Neurol Scand 81:24–30.
Tedroff J, Hartvig P, Bjurling P, Andersson Y, Antoni G, Långström B. (1991c) Central action of benserazide after COMT inhibition demonstrated in vivo by PET. J Neural Transm (in press)
Tsukada Y, Kishimoto H, Nagai K. (1975) Studies on amine metabolism in the monkey brain after administration of amine precursor. Contemporary Primatology, Karger, Basel, pp. 56–66
Wade LA, Katzman R. (1975) Synthetic amino acids and the nature of L-DOPA transport at the blood-brain barrier. J Neurochem 25:837–842
Watanabe Y, Hartvig P, Tedroff J et al. (1991) Elevation of 11C-dopamine turnover in vivo by peripheral administration of 6R-tetrahydrobiopterin in monkey striatum. In: Bleu et al. eds. Pteridine and related biogenic amines in neuropsychiatry, pediatrics and immunology. (in press)
Ågren H, Reibring L, Hartvig P, Tedroff J, Bjurling P, Hörnfelt K, Andersson Y, Lundqvist H, Långström B.(1991) Low brain uptake of L-(11C)-5-hydroxytryptophan in major depression. A positron emission tomography study on patients and healthy volunteers. Acta Psychiat Scand (in press)
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tedroff, J., Hartvig, P., Ågren, H., Bjurling, P., Långström, B. (1991). Monoamine Precursors in PET Research- Biochemical Issues and Functional Significance. In: Baron, J.C., Comar, D., Farde, L., Martinot, J.L., Mazoyer, B. (eds) Brain Dopaminergic Systems: Imaging with Positron Tomography. Developments in Nuclear Medicine, vol 20. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3528-3_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3528-3_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5561-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-3528-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive