Abstract
In the genus Azospirillum tolerance towards high concentrations of sodium chloride, sucrose or polyethylene glycol increased in the order A. amazonense A. lipoferum A. brasilense and A. halopraeferens. In A. brasilense and A. halopraeferens the compatible solutes trehaloseglutamate and an unknown compound were identified. A. halopraeferens only could convert choline to the potent compatible solute glycine betaine. Acetobacter diazotrophicus tolerated high concentrations of sucrose and polyethylene glycol, but was very sensitive towards sodium chloride. In contrast to the more osmotolerant Azospirillum spp. amino acids such as glutamate, serine and histidine were efficiently utilized as carbon and nitrogen sources and betaine, choline and proline did not relieve osmotic stress. New halotolerant bacteria (strains BE and TC) were isolated from the rhizosphere of rice growing in alkaline, saline soil in India. They were oxidase-positive, Gram-negative, very motile bacteria, which showed pleomorphic growth. In semisolid nitrogen free mineral medium they grew and fixed nitrogen microaerobically. These isolates required sodium ions for growth and they tolerated up to 2 M sodium chloride in nitrogen containing mineral medium. At osmotic stress conditions the efficient compatible solute ectoine was synthesized.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Andresen A, Kaasen I, Styrvold OB, Boulnois G and Strom AR 1988 Molecular cloning, physical mapping and expression of the bet genes governing the osmoregulatory cholinc-glycine betaine pathway of Escherichia coli. J. Gen. Microbiol. 134. 1737–1746.
Baldani VLD and Döbereiner J 1980 Host-plant specificity in the infection of cereals with Azospirillum spp. Soil Biol. Biochem. 12, 433–439.
Brown AD 1990 Microbial Water Stress Physiology — Principles and Perspectives. Wiley, Chichester, UK.
Galinski EA and Herzog RM 1990 The role of trehalose as a substitute for nitrogen-containing compatible solutes (Ectothiorhodospira halochloris). Arch. Microbiol. 153, 607–613.
Galinski EA, Pfeiffer H-P and Trüper HG 1985 1,4,5,6-tetra-hydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid: A novel cyclic amino acid from halophilic phototrophic bacteria of the genus Ectothiorhodospira. Eur. J. Biochem. 149, 135–139.
Gillis M. Kersters K. Hoste B, Janssens D, Kroppenstedt RM, Stephan MP, Teixeira KRS, Döbereiner J and De Ley J 1989 Acetobacter diazotrophicus sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing acetic acid bacterium associated with sugarcane. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 39. 361–364.
Hartmann A 1988a Osmoregulatory properties of Azospirillum spp. In Azospirillum IV, Genetics, Physiology, Ecology. Ed. W. Klingmuller. pp 122–130 Springer-Verlag, Berlin, New York.
Hartmann A 1988b Ecophysiological aspects of growth and nitrogen fixation in Azospirillum spp. Plant and Soil 110, 225–238.
Hartmann A, Fu H and Burris RH 1988 Influence of amino acids on nitrogen fixation ability and growth of Azospirillum spp. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54, 87–93.
Larsen PI, Sydnes LK, Landfald B and Strom AR 1987 Osmoregulation in Escherichia coli by accumulation of organic osmolytes: betaines, glutamic acid, and trehalose. Arch. Microbiol. 147. 1–7.
Peters P, Galinski EA and Trüper HG 1990 The biosynthesis of ectoine. FEMS Microbiol. Letters 71, 157–162.
Reinhold B, Hurek T. Fendrik J, Pot B, Gillis M, Kersters K, Thielemans S and De Ley J 1987 Azospirillum halopraeferens sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing organism associated with roots of Kallar grass (Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 37, 43–51.
Struch T, Neuss B, Bringer-Meyer S and Sahm H 1990 Osmotic adjustment of Zymomonas mobilis to concentrated glucose and fructose solutions. Forum Mikrobiol. 1, 2–119.
Wohlfarth A, Severin J and Galinski EA 1990 The spectrum of compatible solutes in heterotrophic halophilic eubacteria of the family Halomonadaceae. J. Gen. Microbiol. 136, 705–712.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hartmann, A., Prabhu, S.R., Galinski, E.A. (1991). Osmotolerance of diazotrophic rhizosphere bacteria. In: Polsinelli, M., Materassi, R., Vincenzini, M. (eds) Nitrogen Fixation. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences, vol 48. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3486-6_28
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3486-6_28
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5541-3
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-3486-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive