Skip to main content

Interactive Learning Environments: A New Look at Assessment and Instruction

  • Chapter
Changing Assessments

Part of the book series: Evaluation in Education and Human Services ((EEHS,volume 30))

Abstract

Among the major creations of psychological theory in this century has been the notion of an individual intelligence quotient (IQ) and the means for measuring it. Enthusiasm for this invention, however, has been less than universal (Gould 1981); some regard it as a crowning accomplishment of psychological theory, while others see IQ tests as instruments for reinforcing social injustice.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Anastasi, A. 1981. Coaching, test sophistication, and developed abilities. American Psychologist 36:1086–93.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aronson, E. 1978. The Jigsaw Classroom. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications

    Google Scholar 

  • Ballester, L. 1984. Feuerstein’s model of cognitive functioning applied to preschool children: A study of the relationship between the specific cognitive strategies and learning. Ph.D. diss. Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bandler, R., and J. Grinder. 1975. The structure of magic. Palo Alto, CA: Science and Behavior Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bethge, H. J., J. S. Carlson, and K. H. Wiedl. 1982. The effects of dynamic assessment procedures on Raven matrices performance, visual search behavior, test anxiety and test orientation. Intelligence 6:89–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Binet, A. 1903. L‘étude experimentale de l’intelligence. Paris: Schleicher Frères.

    Google Scholar 

  • Binet, A. 1909. Les idées modernes sur les infants. Paris: Ernest Flammarion.

    Google Scholar 

  • Binet, A. [1911] 1962. The nature and measurement of intelligence. In Psychology in the making: Histories of selected research problems, trans. R. D. Tuddenham; ed. L. Postman. New York: Knopf. (Originally published, Paris: Ernest Flammarion)

    Google Scholar 

  • Binet, A., and T. Simon. 1908. Le développement de l’intelligence des enfants. L’Année Psychologique 14:1–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Binet, A., and T. Simon. 1916. The development of intelligence in children (The Binet-Simon scale). Trans. Elizabeth S. Kite from articles in L’Année Psychologique from 1905, 1908, and 1911. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borkowski, J. G. 1985. Signs of intelligence: Strategy generalization and metacognition. In Development of reflection in children, ed. S. R. Yussen, 105–44. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bransford, J. D. 1979. Human cognition: Learning, understanding, and remembering. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bransford, J. D., R. Arbitman-Smith, B. S. Stein, and N. J. Vye. 1985. Improving thinking and learning skills: An analysis of three approaches. In Vol. 1, Thinking and learning skills, ed. J. W. Segal, S. F. Chipman, and R. Glaser, 133–206. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bransford, J. D., V. R. Delclos, N. J. Vye, M. S. Burns, and T. S. Hasselbring. 1985. Improving the quality of assessment and instruction: Roles for dynamic assessment. Working Paper No. 1, Vanderbilt University, John F. Kennedy Center for Research on Education and Human Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bransford, J. D., V. R. Delclos, N. J. Vye, M. S. Burns, and T. S. Hasselbring. 1986. Improving the quality of assessment and instruction: Roles for dynamic assessment. Paper presented at American Psychological Association, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bransford, J. D., V. R. Delclos, N. J. Vye, M. S. Burns, and T. S. Hasselbring. 1987. Approaches to dynamic assessment: Issues, data and future directions. In Dynamic assessment: Foundations and fundamentals, ed. C. S. Lidz, 479–96. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bransford, J. D., T. S. Hasselbring, B. Barron, S. Kulewicz, J. Littlefield, and L. Goin. 1988. Use of macro-contexts to facilitate mathematical thinking. In Research agenda for mathematics education: Teaching and assessment of mathematical problem solving, ed. R. I. Charles and E. A. Silver, 125–47. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L. 1974. The role of strategic behavior in retardate memory. In Vol. 7, International review of research in mental retardation, ed. N. R. Ellis, 55–111. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L. 1975. The development of memory: Knowing, knowing about knowing, and knowing how to know. In Vol. 10, Advances in child development and behavior, ed. H. W. Reese, 103–52. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L. 1978. Knowing when, where, and how to remember: A problem of metacognition. In Vol. 1, Advances in instructional psychology, ed. R. Glaser, 77–165. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L. 1985. Mental orthopedics: A conversation with Alfred Binet. In Vol. 2, Thinking and learning skills: Current research and open questions, ed. S. Chipman, J. Segal, and R. Glaser, 319–37. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L., and J. C. Campione. 1978. Permissible inferences from cognitive training studies in developmental research. Quarterly Newsletter of the Institute for Comparative Human Behavior 2 (3): 46–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L., and J. C. Campione. 1981. Inducing flexible thinking: A problem of access. In Intelligence and learning, ed. M. Friedman, J. P. Das, and N. O’Connor, 515–30. New York: Plenum Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L., and J. C. Campione. 1984. Three faces of transfer: Implications for early competence, individual differences, and instruction. In Vol. 3, Advances in developmental psychology, ed. M. Lamb, A. Brown, and B. Rogoff, 143– 92. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L., and J. C. Campione. 1986. Psychological theory and the study of learning disabilities. American Psychologist 41 (10): 1059–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L., and J. C. Campione, In press. Communities of learning and thinking, or a context by any other name. Human Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L., and R. A. Ferrara. 1985. Diagnosing zones of proximal development: An alternative to standardized testing? In Culture, communication and cognition: Vygotskian perspectives, ed. J. Wertsch, 273–305. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L., and L. A. French. 1979. The zone of potential development: Implications for intelligence testing in the year 2000. Intelligence 3:253–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L., and A. S. Palincsar. 1982. Inducing strategic learning from texts by means of informed, self-control training. Topics in Learning and Learning Disabilities 2 (1): 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L., and A. S. Palincsar. 1987. Reciprocal teaching of comprehension strategies: A natural history of one program for enhancing learning. In Intelligence and exceptionality: New directions for theory, assessment, and instructional practices, ed. J. D. Day and J. G. Borkowski. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L., and A. S. Palincsar. 1989. Guided cooperative learning and individual knowledge acquisition. In Knowing, learning, and instruction: Essays in honor of Robert Glaser, ed. L. B. Resnick. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L., and R. A. Reeve. 1987. Bandwidths of competence: The role of supportive contexts in learning and development. In Development and learning: Conflict or congruence?, ed. L. S. Liben, 173–223. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L., A. S. Palincsar, and L. Purcell. 1985. Poor readers: Teach, don’t label. In The academic performance of minority children: A new perspective, ed. U. Neisser, 105–43. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L., J. D. Bransford, R. A. Ferrara, and J. C. Campione. 1983. Learning, remembering, and understanding. In Handbook of child psychology. 4th ed., ed. P. H. Mussen. Vol. 3, Cognitive development, ed. J. H. Flavell and E. M. Markman, 515–29. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L., J. C. Campione, R. A. Reeve, R. A. Ferrara, and A. S. Palincsar. In press. Interactive learning, individual understanding: The case of reading and mathematics. In Culture, schooling and psychological development, ed. L. T. Landsmann. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryant, N. R. 1982. Preschool children’s learning and transfer of matrices problems: A study of proximal development. Master’s thesis, University of Illinois.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bryant, N. R., A. L. Brown, and J. C. Campione. 1983. Preschool children’s learning and transfer of matrices problems: Potential for improvement. Paper presented at the Society for Research in Child Development meetings, April, Detroit.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buckingham, B. R. 1921. Intelligence and its measurement: A symposium. Journal of Educational Psychology 12:271–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Budoff, M. 1974. Learning potential and educability among the educable mentally retarded. Final Report Project No. 312312. Cambridge, MA: Research Institute for Educational Problems, Cambridge Mental Health Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Budoff, M. 1987a. The validity of learning potential assessment. In Dynamic assessment: An interactional approach to evaluating learning potential, ed. C. S. Lidz, 52–81. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Budoff, M. 1987b. Measures for assessing learning potential. In Dynamic assessment: An interactional approach to evaluating learning potential, ed. C. S. Lidz, 173–95. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burns, M. S. 1985. Comparison of “graduated prompt” and “mediational” dynamic assessment and static assessment with young children. Tech. Report No. 2, Vanderbilt University, John F. Kennedy Center for Research on Education and Human Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burns, M. S., V. R. Delclos, and N. J. Vye. In press. Brief mediated assessment with young children: Principles and scripts. Tech. Report No. 5, Vanderbilt University, John F. Kennedy Center for Research on Education and Human Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burns, M. S., N. J. Vye, J. D. Bransford, V. R. Delclos, and T. Ogan. 1987. Static and dynamic measures of learning in young handicapped children. Tech. Report No. 8, Vanderbilt University, John F. Kennedy Center for Research on Education and Human Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campione, J. C. 1989. Assisted assessment: A taxonomy of approaches and an outline of strengths and weaknesses. Journal of Learning Disabilities 22:151–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campione, J. C., and A. L. Brown. 1974. The effects of contextual changes and degree of component mastery on transfer of training. In Vol. 9, Advances in child development and behavior, ed. H. W. Reese, 69–114. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campione, J. C., and A. L. Brown. 1977. Memory and metamemory development in educable retarded children. In Perspectives on the development of memory and cognition, ed. R. V. Kail, Jr., and J. W. Hagen, 367–406. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campione, J. C., and A. L. Brown. 1978. Toward a theory of intelligence: Contributions from research with retarded children. Intelligence 2:279–304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campione, J. C., and A. L. Brown. 1984. Learning ability and transfer propensity as sources of individual differences in intelligence. In Learning and cognition in the mentally retarded, ed. P. H. Brooks, R. Sperber, and C. McCauley. Baltimore: University Park Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campione, J. C., and A. L. Brown. 1987. Linking dynamic assessment with school achievement. In Dynamic assessment: An interactional approach to evaluating learning potential, ed. C. S. Lidz, 82–115. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campione, J. C., and A. L. Brown. In press. Guided learning and transfer: Implications for approaches to assessment. In Diagnostic monitoring of skill and knowledge acquisition, ed. N. Fredericksen, R. Glaser, A. Lesgold, and M. Shafto. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campione, J. C., and R. A. Ferrara. In preparation. Ability-related differences in the learning and transfer of inductive reasoning principles.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campione, J. C., A. L. Brown, and N. R. Bryant. 1985. Individual differences in learning and memory. In Human abilities: An information processing approach, ed. R. J. Sternberg, 103–26. New York: W. H. Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campione, J. C., A. L. Brown, and M. L. Connell. 1988. Metacognition: On the importance of understanding what you are doing. In Research agenda for mathematics education: Teaching and assessment of mathematical problem solving, ed. R. I. Charles and E. A. Silver, 93–114. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campione, J. C., A. L. Brown, and R. A. Ferrara. 1982. Mental retardation and intelligence. In Handbook of human intelligence, ed. R. J. Sternberg. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campione, J. C., A. L. Brown, R. A. Ferrara, and N. R. Bryant. 1984. The zone of proximal development: Implications for individual differences and learning. In New directions for cognitive development: The zone of proximal development, ed. B. Rogoff and J. Wertsch, 77–91. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campione, J. C., A. L. Brown, R. A. Ferrara, R. S. Jones, and E. Steinberg. 1985. Breakdown in flexible use of information: Intelligence-related differences in transfer following equivalent learning performance. Intelligence 9:297–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, J. S., and R. Dillon. 1979. Measuring intellectual capacities of hearingimpaired children: Effects of testing-the-limits procedures. Volta Review 80: 216–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, J. S., and K. F. Widaman. 1986. Eysenck on intelligence: A critical perspective. In Hans Eysenck: Consensus and controversy, ed. S. Modgil and C. Modgil, 103–32. Philadelphia: Falmer Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, J. S., and K. H. Wiedl. 1978. The use of testing-the-limits procedures in the assessment of intellectual capabilities in children with learning difficulties. American Journal of Mental Deficiency 82:559–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, J. S., and K. H. Wiedl. 1979. Toward a differential testing approach: Testing-the-limits employing the Raven matrices. Intelligence 3:323–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, J. S., and K. H. Wiedl. 1980. Applications of a dynamic testing approach in intelligence assessment: Empirical results and theoretical formulations. Zeitschrift fur Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie 1, Heft 4:303–18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, J. S., and K. H. Wiedl. 1988. The dynamic assessment of intelligence. In Interactive assessment, ed. H. C. Haywood and D. Tzuriel. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, S., E. Warnock, N. Aiello, and M. Miller. 1975. Reasoning from incomplete knowledge. In Representation and understanding: Studies in cognitive science, D. G. Bobrow and A. Collins, ed. 383–415. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colvin, S. S. 1921. Intelligence and its measurement: A symposium. Journal of Educational Psychology 12:136–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronbach, L. J. 1967. How can instruction be adapted to individual differences? In Learning and individual differences, ed. R. M. Gagne, 23–44. Columbus, OH: Merrill Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis, R. B. 1984. Learning mathematics: The cognitive science approach to mathematics education. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

    Google Scholar 

  • Day, J. D., and L. K. Hall. 1987. Cognitive assessment, intelligence, and instruction. To appear in Intelligence and exceptionality: New directions for theory, assessment and instructional practices, ed. J. Day and J. G. Borkowski. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dearborn, W. F. 1921. Intelligence and its measurement: A symposium. Journal of Educational Psychology 12:210–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Embretson, S. E. 1987. Improving the measurement of spatial aptitude by dynamic testing. Intelligence 11:333–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrara, R. A. 1987. Learning mathematics in the zone of proximal development: The importance of flexible use of knowledge. Ph.D. diss., Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferrara, R. A., A. L. Brown, and J. C. Campione. 1986. Children’s learning and transfer of inductive reasoning rules: Studies in proximal development. Child Development 57: 1087–99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feuerstein, R. 1969. The instrumental enrichment method: An outline of theory and technique. Jerusalem: Hadassah-Wizo-Canada Research Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feuerstein, R. 1979. The dynamic assessment of retarded performers: The learning potential assessment device, theory, instruments, and techniques. Baltimore: University Park Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feuerstein, R. 1980. Instrumental enrichment: An intervention program for cognitive modifiability. Baltimore: University Park Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feuerstein, R., Y. Rand, M. Hoffman, M. Hoffman, and R. Miller. 1979. Cognitive modifiability in retarded adolescents: Effects of instrumental enrichment. American Journal of Mental Deficiency 83:539–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feuerstein, R., Y. Rand, M. R. Jensen, S. Kaniel, and D. Tzuriel. 1987. Prerequisites for assessment of learning potential: The LPAD model. In Dynamic assessment: An interactional approach to evaluating learning potential, ed. C. S. Lidz, 35–51. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flavell, J. H., and H. M. Wellman. 1977. Metamemory. In Perspectives on the development of memory and cognition, ed. R. V. Kail, Jr., and J. W. Hagen, 3–33. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frankenstein, C. 1979. They think again: Restoring cognitive abilities through teaching. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fredericksen, J., and B. Y. White. 1988. Implicit testing within an intelligent tutoring system. Machine-Mediated Learning 2:351–72.

    Google Scholar 

  • French, L. A. 1979. Cognitive consequences of education: Transfer of training in the elderly. Ph.D. diss., University of Illinois.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gagne, R. M. 1965. The conditions of learning. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gelman, R., and C. R. Gallistel. 1978. The child’s understanding of number. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gelman, R., and J. G. Greeno. 1989. On the nature of competence: Principles for understanding in a domain. In Knowing, learning, and instruction: Essays in honor of Robert Glaser, ed. L. B. Resnick. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gould, S. J. 1981. The mismeasure of man. New York: Norton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffin, P., and M. Cole. 1984. Current activity for the future: The Zo-ped. In Children’s learning in the “zone of proximal development,” ed. B. Rogoff and J. V. Wertsch. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Guthke, J. 1982. The learning test concept-An alternative to the traditional static intelligence test. The German Journal of Psychology 6:306–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haggerty, M. 1921. Intelligence and its measurement: A symposium. Journal of Educational Psychology 12:212–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatano, G., and K. Inagaki. 1987. A theory of motivation for comprehension and its application to mathematics instruction. In The monitoring of school mathematics: Background papers. Vol. 2, Implications from psychology, outcomes of instruction, ed. T. A. Romberg and D. M. Steward, 27–66. Program Report 87. Madison: Wisconsin Center for Educational Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haywood, H. C., J. W. Filler, Jr., M. A. Shifman, and G. Chatelanat. 1975. Behavioral assessment in mental retardation. In Vol. 3, Advances in psychological assessment, ed. P. McReynolds, 96–136. Palo Alto, CA: Science and Behavior Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henman, V. A. C. 1921. Intelligence and its measurement: A symposium. Journal of Educational Psychology 12:195–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs, N. 1980. Feuerstein’s instrumental enrichment: Teaching intelligence to adolescents. Educational Leadership 37:566–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, A. R. 1980. Bias in mental testing. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lampert, M. 1986. Knowing, doing, and teaching multiplication. Cognition and Instructions 3 (4): 305–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lidz, C. S. 1987. Cognitive deficiencies revisited. In Dynamic assessment: An interactional approach to evaluating learning potential, ed. C. S. Lidz, 444– 78. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luria, A. R. 1961. Study of the abnormal child. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 31:1–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehan, H. 1973. Assessing children’s language-using abilities: Methodological and cross cultural implications. In Comparative social research: Methodological problems and strategies, ed. M. Armer and A. D. Grimshaw. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meltzer, L. 1984. Cognitive assessment in the diagnosis of learning problems. In Middle childhood: Developmental dysfunction, ed. M. D. Levine and P. Satz, 131–52. Baltimore: University Park Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Minick, N. 1987. Implications of Vygotsky’s theories for dynamic assessment. In Dynamic assessment: An interactional approach to evaluating learning potential, ed. C. S. Lidz, 116–40. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Narrol, H., and D. G. Bachor. 1975. An introduction to Feuerstein’s approach to assessing and developing cognitive potential. Interchange 6:2–16. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Noddings, N. 1985. Formal models of knowing. In Learning and teaching the ways of knowing: Eighty-fourth yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education. Part II, ed. E. Eisner. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palincsar, A. S., and A. L. Brown. 1984. Reciprocal teaching of comprehension-fostering and comprehension-monitoring activities. Cognition and Instruction 1 (2): 117–75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palincsar, A. S., and A. L. Brown. 1986. Interactive teaching to promote independent learning from text. The Reading Teacher 39 (8): 771–77.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, J. 1925. Early conceptions and tests of intelligence. Yonkers-on-Hudson: World Book.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pintner, R. 1921. Intelligence and its measurement: A symposium. Journal of Educational Psychology 12:139–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Resnick, L. B. 1989. Teaching mathematics as an ill-structured discipline. To appear in Research agenda for mathematics education: Teaching and assessment of mathematical problem solving, ed. R. Charles and E. A. Silver. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoenfeld, A. H. 1985. Mathematical problem solving. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spearman, C. 1904. “General intelligence,” objectively determined and measured. American Journal of Psychology 15:206–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spearman, C. 1923. The nature of intelligence and principles of cognition. London: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spearman, C. 1927. The abilities of man. New York: Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sternberg, R. J. 1984. Mechanisms of cognitive development: A componential approach. In Mechanisms of Cognitive Development, ed. R. J. Sternberg, 163–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stodolsky, S. 1988. The subject matter: Classroom activity in math and social studies. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Toulmin, S. 1958. The uses of argument. New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorndike, E. L. 1926. Measurement of intelligence. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thorndike, E. L., and R. S. Woodworth. 1901. The influence of improvement in one mental function upon the efficiency of other functions. Psychological Review 8: 247–61, 384–95, 553–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vye, N. J., M. S. Burns, V. R. Delclos, and J. D. Bransford. 1987. Dynamic assessment of intellectually handicapped children. In Dynamic assessment: Foundations and fundamentals, ed. C. S. Lidz. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vygotsky, L. S. 1978. Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes, ed. M. Cole, V. John-Steiner, S. Scribner, and E. Souberman. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vygotsky, L. S. 1986. Thinking and speech. In Vol. 1, Collected works: Problems of general psychology. Trans. N. Minick. New York: Plenum. Translation of V. V. Davydov, ed. [1934] 1982. L. S. Vygotskii: Sobranie sochinenii [L.S. Vygotsky: Collected works] Vol. 2. Moscow: Pedagogika.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wertsch, J. V. 1984. The zone of proximal development: Some conceptual issues. In Children s learning in the “zone of proximal development,” ed. B. Rogoff and J. Wertsch, 7–18. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wertsch, J. V., and C. A. Stone. 1979. A social interactional analysis of learning disabilities remediation. Paper presented at the International Conference of the Association for Children with Learning Disabilities, San Francisco.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitehead, A. N. 1916. The aims of education. Address to the British Mathematical Society, Manchester, England.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiedl, K. H., and D. Herrig. 1978. Okologische validitat und schulerfolgsprognose im lern-und inteligeenstest: Eine exemplarische Studie. Diagnostica 24:174– 86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, D., and D. Middleton. 1975. A study of assisted problem-solving. British Journal of Psychology 66:181–91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodrow, H. 1917a. Practice and transference in normal and feeble-minded children: 1. Practice. Journal of Educational Psychology 8:85–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodrow, H. 1917b. Practice and transference in normal and feeble-minded children: 2. Transference. Journal of Educational Psychology 8:151–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodrow, H. 1938a. The relation between abilities and improvement with practice. Journal of Educational Psychology .29,215–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodrow, H. 1938b. The effect of practice on groups of different mental ability. Journal of Educational Psychology 29:268–78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodrow, H. 1946. The ability to learn. Psychological Review 53:147–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yager, S., D. W. Johnson, and R. T. Johnson. 1985. Oral discussion, group to individual transfer, and achievement in cooperative learning groups. Journal of Educational Psychology 77:60–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yerkes, R. M. 1921. Psychological examining in the United States Army. Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 15.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 Springer Science+Business Media New York

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Brown, A.L., Campione, J.C., Webber, L.S., McGilly, K. (1992). Interactive Learning Environments: A New Look at Assessment and Instruction. In: Gifford, B.R., O’Connor, M.C. (eds) Changing Assessments. Evaluation in Education and Human Services, vol 30. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2968-8_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2968-8_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5318-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-2968-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics