Skip to main content

Regeneration of axons in the optic nerve of the adult Browman-Wyse (BW) mutant rat

  • Chapter
Development and Regeneration of the Nervous System

Abstract

The proposition that axons in the central nervous system (CNS) are inherently incapable of regenerating (Cajal, 1928) is no longer tenable, since it has been found that CNS fibres will regenerate into a peripheral nerve implanted into the brain (Richardson et al., 1980). Accordingly, research has now focused on possible environmental factors within the CNS which might inhibit growth after injury. There are currently two areas of research which explore the role of either oligodendrocytes or astrocytes in inhibition.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Assouline, J.G., Bosch, P., Lim, R., et al. (1987) Rat astrocytes and Schwann cells in culture synthesize nerve growth factor-like neurite-promoting factors. Dev. Brain Res., 31, 101–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, M. (1982) Post-injury myelin-breakdown products inhibit axonal growth; an hypothesis to explain the failure of axonal regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system. Bibliotheca Anatomica, 23, 1–11.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, M., Maxwell, W., Logan, A., et al. (1983) Deposition of scar tissue in the central nervous system. Acta Neurochir., Suppl. 32, 31–53.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, M., Rees, L. and Sievers, J. (1986a) Regeneration of axons in the mammalian visual system. Brain Res., (Suppl) 13, 18–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, M., Rees, L. and Sievers, J. (1986b) Unequivocal regeneration of rat optic nerve axons into sciatic nerve isografts, in Wallace, R.B. and Das, G. (eds) Neural Tissue Transplantation Research. New York: Springer, pp. 63–79.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, M., Hall, S., Rees, E.L., et al. (1987) Role of basal lamina in axon regeneration, in Wolff, J.K., Sievers, J. and Berry, M. (eds), in Mesenchymal- Epithelial Interactions in Neural Development. New York: Springer, pp. 361–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry, M., Rees, L., Hall, S., et al. (1988a) Optic axons regenerate into sciatic nerve isografts only in the presence of Schwann cells. Brain Res. Bull., 20, 223–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, M., Hall, S., Follows, R., et al. (1988b) Response of axons and glia at the site of anastomosis between the optic nerve and cellular or acellular sciatic nerve grafts. J. Neurocytol., 17, 727–44.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, M., Hall, S., Follows, R., et al. (1989) Defective myelination in the optic nerve of the Browman-Wyse (BW) mutant rat. J. Neurocytol., 18, 141–59.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, M., Hall, S., Rees, L., et al. (1991) Regeneration of axons in the optic nerve of the adult Browman-Wyse (BW) mutant rat. J. Neurocytol. In press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cajal, S.R. (1928) Degeneration and Regeneration in the Nervous system. London: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan, C.L.H., Wigley, C.B., Wyse, J., et al. (1991) Immunocytological analysis of glial cells in the hypomyelinated optic nerve of BW mutant rat. J. Neurocytol., 20, 732–45.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eccleston, P.A., Collarini, E.J., Jessen, K.R., et al. (1990) Schwann cells secrete and respond to platelet-derived growth factor: a possible autocrine growth mechanism involving PDGF. Europ. J. Neuroscience, 3, 985–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eckenstein, F.P., Shipley, G.D. and Nishi, R. (1991) Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors in the nervous system: distribution and differential alteration of level after injury of central versus peripheral nerve. J. Neuroscience, 11, 412–19.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, S. and Berry, M. (1989) Electron microscopic study of the interaction of axons and glia at the site of anastomosis between the optic nerve and cellular or acellular sciatic nerve grafts. J. Neurocytol., 18,171–84.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Heumann, R., Korsching, S., Bandtlow, C., et al. (1987) Changes in nerve growth factor synthesis of non-neuronal cells in response to sciatic nerve transection. J. Cell Biol, 104,1623–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liuzzi, J.L. and Lasek, R.J. (1987) Astrocytes block axonal regeneration in mammals by activating the physiological stop pathway. Science, 237, 642–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maffei, L., Carmignoto, G., Perry, V.H., et al. (1990) Schwann cells promote the survival of rat retinal ganglion cells after optic nerve section. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci . USA, 87,1855–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mansour, H., Asher, R., Dahl, D., et al. (1990) Permissive and non-permissive reactive astrocytes: immunofluorescence study with antibodies to the glial hyaluronate-binding protein. J. Neuroscience Res., 25, 300–11.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marciano, F.F., Gocht, A., Dentinger, M.P., et al. (1990) Axonal regrowth in the amyelinated optic nerve of the myelin-deficient rat: ultrastructural observations and effects of ganglioside administration. J. Comp. Neurol., 295, 219–34.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, W.L., Follows, R., Ashhurst, D.E., et al. (1990a) The response of the cerebral hemisphere of the rat to injury. I. The mature rat. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc, 328, 479–500.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maxwell, W.L., Follows, R., Ashhurst, D.E., et al. (1990b) The response of the cerebral hemisphere of the rat to injury. II. The neonatal rat. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc, 328, 501–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oorschot, D.E. and Jones, D.G. (1990) Axonal regeneration in the mammalian central nervous system — a critique of hypotheses. Adv. Anat. Embryol. Cell Biol., 119,1–121.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Politis, M.J. and Spencer, P.S. (1986) Regeneration of rat optic axons into peripheral nerve grafts. Exp. Neurol. ,91, 52–9.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reier, P.J. (1986) Gliosis following CNS injury: the anatomy of astrocytic scars and their influence on axonal elongation, in Fedoroff, S. and Vernadakis, A. (eds) Astrocytes, Vol. 3 New York: Academic Press Inc., pp. 263–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, P.M., McGuiness, V.M. and Aguayo, A.J. (1980) Axons from CNS neurones regenerate into PNS grafts. Nature, 284, 264–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rush, R.A. (1984) Immunohistochemical localization of endogenous nerve growth factor. Nature, 312, 364–7.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Savio, T. and Schwab, M.E. (1990) Lesioned corticospinal tract axons regenerate in myelin-free rat spinal cord. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci . USA, 87, 4130–3.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schnell, L. and Schwab, M.E. (1990) Axonal regeneration in the rat spinal cord produced by an antibody against myelin-associated neurite growth inhibitors. Nature, 343, 269–72.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwab, M. (1990) Myelin-associated inhibitors of neurite growth. Exp. Neurol., 109, 2–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwab, M.E. and Caroni, P. (1988) Rat CNS myelin and a subtype of oligodendrocytes in culture represent a non-permissive substrate for neurite growth and fibroblast spreading. J. Neuroscience, 8, 2381–93.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snow, D.M., Lemmon, V., Carrino, D.A., et al. (1990a) Sulfated proteoglycans in astroglial barriers inhibit neurite outgrowth in vitro. Exp. Neurol., 109, 111–30.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snow, D.M., Steindler, D. A. and Silver, J. (1990) Molecular and cellular characterization of the glial roof plate of the spinal cord and optic tectum: a possible role for a proteoglycan in the development of an axon barrier. Dev. Biol., 138,359–76.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stockli, K.A., Lottspeich, F., Sardtuer, M., et al. (1989) Molecular cloning, expression and regional distribution of rat ciliary neurotrophic factor. Nature, 342, 921–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Villegas-Perez, M.P., Vidal-Sanz, M., Bray, G.M., et al. (1988) Influence of peripheral nerve grafts on the survival and regrowth of axotomised retinal ganglion cells in adult rats. J. Neuroscience, 8, 265–80.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Windle, W.F. (1956) Regeneration of axons in the vertebrate central nervous system. Phys. Rev., 36, 351–79.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyse, J.P.H. (1980) Schwann-cell myelination in the nerve fibre layer of the BW rat retina. J. Neurocytol., 9, 107–17.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wyse, J.P.H. and Hollenberg, M.J. (1976) Microphthalmia, retinal degeneration and optic nerve dysplasia in the Browman strain of Rattus norvegicus. Canadian Federation of Biological Societies: Program and Proceedings of the 19th Annual Meeting 19, 160.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyse, J.P.H. and Hollenberg, M.J. (1977) Complicated colobomatous microphthalmos in the BW rat: a new form of inherited retinal degeneration. Am. J. Anat., 149, 377–412.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1992 S. Nona, J. Cronly-Dillon, M. Ferguson, C. Stafford

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Berry, M., Hall, S., Rees, L., Wyse, J.P.H. (1992). Regeneration of axons in the optic nerve of the adult Browman-Wyse (BW) mutant rat. In: Nona, S., Cronly-Dillon, J., Stafford, C., Ferguson, M. (eds) Development and Regeneration of the Nervous System. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2348-8_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2348-8_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5037-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-2348-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics