Abstract
Vertebrates, including fishes, possess two principal chemoreceptive systems, termed olfaction and gustation (taste), which are adapted to respond to specific chemical substances in the environment. In all vertebrates, chemical information that is detected and transmitted directly to the central nervous system (CNS) by bipolar neurones of cranial nerve i is termed olfaction, whereas chemical information detected by specialized epithelial cells (i.e. taste cells) and transmitted to the CNS by neurones of cranial nerve vu (facial), ix (glossopharyngeal) or x (vagus) is termed gustation. Receptor cells of both systems are required to discriminate relevant chemical stimuli from background chemical ‘noise’ existing in the environment of all organisms. Receptor molecules (most probably glycoproteins) that detect and preferentially pass biologically important information have evolved and have been positioned in the membranes of the receptor cells. These receptor molecules, upon being activated by their specific stimulus or stimuli, initiate a series of cellular molecular events that can result eventually in behavioural responses, such as food search and ingestion. Because both olfactory and gustatory systems in fishes are activated by water-soluble substances, it is often difficult to determine the specific role that each system plays in a particular behaviour; this difficulty adds to the confusion of taste/smell distinctions in fish.
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Marui, T., Caprio, J. (1992). Teleost gustation. In: Hara, T.J. (eds) Fish Chemoreception. Fish & Fisheries Series, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2332-7_9
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