Abstract
The fabrication by surface diffusion of tips with controlled nanoscale structures are described. Using surface diffusion, ball-shaped tips and tips with filiform-neck are obtained. Ball-shaped tips can be used for quantitative atomic force measurements. Tips with filiform-necks can be used as nano-cantilevers with extremely low spring constants and very high resonance frequencies. The field-surfacemelting mechanism, which occurs under the combined use of high temperatures and high applied fields, leads to the fashioning of nanoprotrusions ending in one atom. The strong confinement of the field over the topmost atom of the protrusions allows these nanotips to be single-atom sources of electrons and metallic ions. The corresponding emitted beams present properties specific to the atomic dimension of the sources. The electron energy distribution and local heating during field emission from such tips are reported and discussed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
C. Herring in “Structures and Properties of Solid Surfaces”, Eds. R. Gomer and C.S. Smith, University of Chicago Press, USA (1953).
For a review on the influence of applied electric field on the reduction of the activation barrier and binding energy see: E.W. Muller and T.T. Tsong, in “Field Ion Microscopy: Principles and Applications”, (Elsevier, New York, 1969); Prog. Surface Sci. 1,1 (1974).
F.A. Nichols and W.W. Mullins, J. Appl. Phys. 36, 1826 (1965).
Vu Thien Binh and R. Uzan, Surface Sci. 179, 540 (1987).
F. O. Goodman and N. Garcia, Phys. Rev. B 43, 4728 (1991).
G. Binnig, C. F. Quate and Ch. Gerber, Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 930 (1986).
N. Garcia and Vu Thien Binh, Phys. Rev. B 46, 7946 (1992)
D. Sarid and V. Eling, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 9, 431 (1991).
Vu Thien Binh and N. Garcia, J. Physique I 1, 605 (1991); Ultramicroscopy 42–44, 80 (1992).
I.L. Sokolovskaia, J. Tech. Phys. (URSS) 26, 1177 (1956); P. Bettler and C. Charbonnier, Phys. Rev. 119, 85 (1960). These authors were the first in applying an electric field to have build-up tips.
Vu Thien Binh, J. Microscopy 152, 55 (1988).
R. Smouluchowski, Phys. Rev. 60, 661, (1941).
G. Neumann and G. M. Neumann, in “Surface Self Diffusion of Metals”, Ed. F. H. Wohlbier, Diffusion Monograph Series, No. 1 (1972).
J. G. Dash, Contemp. Phys. 30, 89 (1989).
D. Atlan, G. Gardet, Vu Thien Binh, N. Garcia and J.J. Saenz, Ultramicroscopy 42–44, 154 (1992).
D.J. Rose; J. Appl. Phys. 27, 215 (1956)
Vu Thien Binh, S.T. Purcell, N. Garcia and J. Doglioni, Phys. Rev. Letters, 69, 2527 (1992)
C.E. Kuyatt and E.W. Plummer, Rev. Sci. Instru. 43, 108 (1972).
R.D. Young, Phys. Rev. 113, 110 (1959).
C.B. Duke and M.E. Alferieff, J. Chem. Phys. 46, 923 (1967).
J.W. Gadzuk, Phys. Rev. B 1(1970) 2110.
E.W. Plummer and R.D. Young, Phys. Rev. B 1 (1970) 2088.
R. Gomer, “Field Emission and Field Ionization”, Harvard Monographs in Applied Science 9, Cambridge, USA (1961).
C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics (Wiley, New York, 1968).
L.W. Swanson, L.C. Crouser and F.M. Charbonnier, Phys. Rev. 151, 327 (1966)
L.W. Swanson and A.E. Bell, in Adv. Electr. Electron Phys. Vol. 32, 194 (1973), Ed L. Marton, Acad. Press New York & London. (review of energy exchanges during FE).
R. Gomer, review article on the flip-flop “Surface mobilities on solid materials” pp 762, Ed. Vu Thien Binh, NATO-ASI Series B Vol. 86 (1983), Plenum Press, New York.
J.J. Saenz, N. Garcia, Vu Thien Binh and H. De Raedt, in “Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Related Methods”, Eds. R.J. Behm, N. Garcia and H. Rohrer, NATOASI Series E Vol. 184, Kluwer Acad. Publ., The Netherlands, 1990.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Binh, V.T., Garcia, N., Purcell, S.T., Semet, V. (1993). Nanotip Fashioning and Nanosource Characteristics. In: Binh, V.T., Garcia, N., Dransfeld, K. (eds) Nanosources and Manipulation of Atoms Under High Fields and Temperatures: Applications. NATO ASI Series, vol 235. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1729-6_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1729-6_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4758-6
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-1729-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive