Skip to main content

Cosmic Ray Composition at and Above the Knee

  • Chapter
Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology

Part of the book series: NATO ASI Series ((ASIC,volume 394))

  • 102 Accesses

Abstract

Recent data shows that the cosmic ray composition changes rapidly in the most interesting regions of the cosmic ray spectrum. The fraction of heavy nuclei grows strongly when approaching the ‘knee’ and decreases significantly before the ‘ankle’ of the spectrum. While such behaviour is not unexpected on the basis of cosmic ray acceleration and propagation models, the new results give meaningful limits on the variety of models of the cosmic ray origin.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Asakimori, K. et al. 1991a, in Proc. 22nd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf, Dublin, Ireland (Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin, Ireland, 1991) 2 57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asakimori, K. et al. 1991b, in Proc. 22nd Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. Dublin, Ireland (Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin, Ireland, 1991) 2 97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Axford, W.I., Leer, E. and Skadron, G. 1977, in Proc. 15th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. Plovdiv, Bulgaria (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1977) 11, 132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell, A.R. 1978, M.N.R.A.S. 182, 147.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Berezinsky, V.S., Bulanov, S,V., Dogiel, V.A., Ginzburg, V.L. and Ptuskin, V.S., Astrophysics of Cosmic Rays, ed. by V.L. Ginzburg (North Holland, Amsterdam, 1990). Blandford, R.D. and Eichler, D., 1987, Phys. Reports, 154, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blanford, R. D. and Ostriker, J., 1978, Ap. J. 221, L29.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Cassiday, G.L. et al. 1990, Ap. J. 356, 669.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Danilova T.V. et al. 1977, in Proc. 15th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. Plovdiv, Bulgaria (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1977).

    Google Scholar 

  • Drury, L.O’C. 1992, in Particle Acceleration in Cosmic Plasmas, ed.’s G.P. Zank and T.K. Gaisser, IAP Conference Proceedings 264, p. 189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Engelmaim, J.J. et al. 1990, Astron. Astrophys., 233, 96.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Fichtel, C.E. and Linsley, J. 1986 Ap. J. 300, 474.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Freudenreich, H.T. et al. 1990 Phys. Rev. D41 2732.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaisser, T.K. et al. 1992, subitted to Phys. Rev. D.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ginzburg, V.L. and Syrovatskii, S.I. The Origin of Cosmic rays, (Pergamon Press, 1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Grigorov, N.L. et al. 1971, in Proc 12th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf. Hobart, Tasmania (Univ. of Tasmania Press, Hobart, Tasmania, 1971) 2 206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ip, W.H. and Axford, W.I. 1992, in Particle Acceleration in Cosmic Plasmas, ed.’s G.P. Zank and T.K. Gaisser, AIP Conference Proceedings 264, p. 400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, F.C. and Ellison, D.C., 1991, Space Sci. Rev., 58, 259.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Krimsky, G.F. 1977, Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 243, 1306.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lagage, P.O. and Cesarsky, C.J. 1983, Astmn. Astrophys. 125 249.

    ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Nagano, M. et al. 1984, J. Phys G, 10, 1295.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Protheroe, R.J. and Szabo, A.P. 1992, submitted to Nature.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rachen, J. and Biermann, P.L. 1992, in Particle Acceleration in Cosmic Plasmas, ed.’s G.P. Zank and T.K. Gaisser, AIP Conference Proceedings 264, p. 393.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silberberg, R., Tsao, S.H., Shapiro, M.M. and Biermann P.L. 1990, Ap. J. 363, 265.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Swordy, S.P. et al. 1990, Ap. J. 349, 625.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Volk, H.J., Zank, L.A. and Zank, G.P. 1988, Astron. Astrophys. 198, 274.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Volk, H.J. and Biermann, P.L. 1988, Ap. J. Lett. 333, L65.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  • Wdowczyk, J.and Wolfendale, A.W. 1989, Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 39 43.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Stanev, T. (1993). Cosmic Ray Composition at and Above the Knee. In: Shapiro, M.M., Silberberg, R., Wefel, J.P. (eds) Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology. NATO ASI Series, vol 394. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1707-4_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1707-4_3

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4748-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-1707-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics