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Gene cloning and expression systems in Lactococci

  • Chapter
Genetics and Biotechnology of Lactic Acid Bacteria

Abstract

The genus Lactococcus includes five species, viz. L. garviae, L. raffinolactis, L. plantarum, L. piscium, and L. lactis (Schleifer et al., 1985; Williams et al., 1990). L. lactis represents the best characterized species, that formerly was designated lactic or group N Streptococcus. Three L. lactis subspecies have been described, viz. L. lactis subsp. lactis, L. lactis subsp. cremoris, and L. lactis subsp. hordniae. Genetic interest has exclusively been focused on L. lactis subsp. lactis and L. lactis subsp. cremoris, since strains of these subspecies are used as starter cultures in industrial dairy fermentations. Differentiation between these commercially important subspecies was based on the properties of L. lactis subsp. lactis to metabolize arginine, to grow at temperatures above 37°C, and to tolerate salt (Schleifer et al., 1985), However, this phenotypic classification has recently been redefined using molecular markers including restriction fragment length polymorphism (Godon et al., 1992) and 16S rRNA sequence analysis (Salama et al. 1991, Klijn et al., 1991). Since not all lactococcal strains have been subject to this molecular analysis, no attempts are made here to differentiate L. lactis on the subspecies level. Nevertheless, the described data exclusively relate to results obtained with strains of L. lactis subsp. cremoris, L. lactis subsp. lactis or the citrate-utilizing variant L. lactis subsp. lactis biovar. diacetylactis.

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Authors
  1. W. M. De Vos
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  2. G. F. M. Simons
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. AFRC Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK

    Michael J. Gasson

  2. Department of Biophysical Chemistry, Netherlands Institute for Dairy Research (NIZO), PO Box 20, NL-6710 BA, Ede, The Netherlands

    Willem M. De Vos

  3. Department of Microbiology, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands

    Willem M. De Vos

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© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

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De Vos, W.M., Simons, G.F.M. (1994). Gene cloning and expression systems in Lactococci. In: Gasson, M.J., De Vos, W.M. (eds) Genetics and Biotechnology of Lactic Acid Bacteria. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1340-3_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1340-3_2

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4584-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-1340-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

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