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Molecular biology of superoxide dismutase

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Plant Responses to the Gaseous Environment

Abstract

Molecular oxygen (or dioxygen) is found everywhere in our environment and is at once essential for aerobic life and toxic to living cells. Oxygen toxicity is due primarily to the reactivities of chemical derivatives (activated oxygen species) of dioxygen, rather than to molecular oxygen itself. During the normal reduction of dioxygen (O2) to water, a variety of activated oxygen species is generated and encountered by the cell. In addition, there are various environmental factors (e.g., radiation, air pollutants, herbicides, etc.) that directly, or indirectly, increase the intracellular production of active oxygen causing the condition known as oxidative stress. Thus in biological systems, active oxygen species can be generated by a variety of substances and mechanisms. Excitation of O2 to the singlet states can be achieved when some pigments are illuminated in the presence of O2. In such instances, the pigment absorbs light, enters a higher electronic excitation state, and transfers energy onto O2 to make singlet oxygen (O2 1) which is likely to occur in any pigmented system exposed to light such as the illuminated chloroplast (Halliwell, 1982).

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Authors
  1. John G. Scandalios
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology & Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061-0331, USA

    Ruth G. Alscher

  2. Division of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Lancaster, Lancaster, UK

    Alan R. Wellburn

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Scandalios, J.G. (1994). Molecular biology of superoxide dismutase. In: Alscher, R.G., Wellburn, A.R. (eds) Plant Responses to the Gaseous Environment. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1294-9_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1294-9_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4565-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-1294-9

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