Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The in vivo use of metallic Radioisotopes in cancer detection and Imaging

  • Chapter
Metal Compounds in Cancer Therapy

  • 203 Accesses

Abstract

Nuclear medicine is concerned with the in vivouse of drugs labelled with radioactive atoms (radioisotopes) for the detection and therapy of diseases such as cancer. Radioisotopes have been associated with cancer as causal agents presumably since the beginning of human history; however, more recently the beneficial side of the two-edged sword has emerged as radioisotopes are now employed for tumour imaging and therapy. A sizeable number in diverse chemical forms have been shown to accumulate in tumour relative to surrounding normal tissue such that these tumours may be detected by external imaging devices and, in certain cases, treated by the radiation they emit. For example, radioisotopes of iodine (1311,123I) as iodides are useful for the detection and, in the case of 131I, the treatment of thyroid carcinomas; gallium-67 (67Ga) citrate is a preferred imaging agent for soft-tissue tumours; technetium-99m (99mTc) phosphates and phosphonates have proven to be useful for the detection of bone metastasis; and radioisotopes of rhenium (188Re, 186Re), as the dimercaptosuccinic acid chelates, are under investigation for therapy of certain tumours. Recently, methods for the attachment of 99mTc, the radioiodines, 111In and other radioisotopes to monoclonal antibodies specific for tumour-associated antigens have been developed and, in this form, they have been found to be useful for the detection and therapy of diverse tumour types.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abrams, M. J., Larsen, S. K. and Zubieta, J. (1991) Investigations of the technetium-hydrazido core. Synthesis and structural characteristics of [(n-C4H9)4N][Tc2(NNPh2)2(C6Cl4O2)4].CH2Cl2.2CH3OH, a Tc(V)/Tc(VI) catecholate complex with the hydrazido ligands adopting the usual nl bridging mode. JACS, 30, 2031–2035.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Abrams, M. J., Juweid, M., tenKate, Cl. et al. (1990) Technetium-99m-human polyclonal IgG radiolabeled via the hydrazino nicotinamide derivative for imaging focal sites of infection in rats. J. Nucl. Med., 31, 2022–2028.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez, V. L., Wen, M., Lee, C. et al. (1986) Site-specifically modified 111In labeled antibodies give low liver backgrounds and improved radioimmuno-scintigraphy. Nucl. Med. Biol., 13, 347–352.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arano, Y., Yokoyama, A., Magata, Y. et al. (1986) Synthesis and evaluation of a new bifunctional chelating agent for 99mTc labeling proteins: p-carboxyethylphenylglyoxal-di(N-methylthiosemicarbazone). Int. J. Nucl. Med. BioL, 12, 425–430.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arano, Y., Yokoyama, A., Furukawa, T. et al. (1987) Technetium-99m labeled monoclonal antibody with preserved immunoreactivity and high in vivo stability. J. Nucl. Med., 28, 1027–1033.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bakker, W. H., Krenning, E. P., Breeman, W. A. et al. (1990) Receptor scintigra-phy with a radioiodinated somatostatin analogue: radiolabeling, purification, biological activity and in vivo application in animals. J. Nucl. Med., 31, 1501–1509.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baum, R. P., Hertel, A., Lorenz, M. et al. (1989) 99Tcm-labelled anti-CEA monoclonal antibody for tumor immunoscintigraphy: first clinical results. Nucl. Med. Commun., 10, 345–352.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baxter, L. T., Yuan, F. and Jain, R. K. (1992) Pharmacokinetic analysis of the perivascular distribution of bifunctional antibodies and haptens: comparison with experimental data. Cancer Res., 52, 5838–5844.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beaumier, P. L., Venkatesan, P., Vanderheyder, J.-L. et al. (1991) 186Re-radioimmunotherapy of small cell lung carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. Cancer Res., 51, 678–681.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berchbiel, M. W., Gansow, O. A., Atcher, R. W. et al. (1986) Synthesis of l-(p-isothiocyanatobenzyl) derivatives of DTP A and EDTA. Antibody labeling and tumor imaging studies. Inorg. Chem., 25, 2771–2781.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bierman, P. J., Vose, J. M., Leichner, P. K. et al. (1993) Yttrium-90-labeled anti-ferritin followed by high-dose chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation for poor-prognosis Hodgkin’s disease. J. Clin. Oncol., 11, 698–703.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Black, C. D. V., Atcher, R. W., Barbet, J. et al. (1988) Selective ablation of B lymphocytes in vivo by an alpha emitter, 212Bismuth, chelated to a monoclonal antibody. Antibody Immuno. Radiopharm., 1, 43–53.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boerman, O. C., Sharkey, R. M., Wong, G. Y. et al. (1992) Influence of antibody protein dose on therapeutic efficacy of radioiodinated antibodies in nude mice bearing GW-39 human tumors. Cancer Immunol. Immunother., 35, 127–134.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Breitz, H. B., Weiden, P. L., Vanderheyden, J.-L. et al. (1992) Clinical experience with rhenium-186-labeled monoclonal antibodies for radioimmunotherapy: results of phase I trials. J. Nucl. Med., 33, 1099–1112.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Britton, K. E., Granowska, M. and Mather, S. J. (1991) Radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies in oncology I. Technical aspects. Nucl. Med. Commun., 12, 65–76.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, B. A., Drozysnki, C. A., Dearborn, C. B. et al. (1988) Conjugation of metallothionein to a murine monoclonal antibody. Anal. Biochem., 172, 22–28.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burchiel, S. W., Knight, R., Christie, J. H. et al. (1985) Biodistribution and kinetic modeling of radiolabeled antibodies in normal rhesus monkeys. J. Nucl. Med., 26, 112 (Abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Burchiel, S. W., Hadjian, R. A., Hladik, W. B. et al. (1989) Pharmacokinetic evaluation of technetium-99-metallothionein-conjugated mouse monoclonal antibody B72.3 in rhesus monkeys. J. Nucl. Med., 30, 1351–1357.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Childs, R. L. and Hnatowich, D. J. (1985) Optimum conditions for labeling of DTPA-coupled antibodies with technetium-99m. J. Nucl Med., 26, 293–299.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chilton, H. M., Burchiel, S. W. and Watson, N. E. Jr (1990) Radiopharmaceuticals for imaging tumors and inflammatory processes: gallium, antibodies, and leukocytes, in Pharmaceuticals in Medical Imaging (eds D. P. Swanson, H. M. Chilton and J. H. Thrall), Macmillan Publishing Co., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Colcher, D., Esterban, J., Carrasquillo, J. A. et al. (1987) Complementation of intracavitary and intravenous administration of a monoclonal antibody (B72.3) in patients with carcinoma. Cancer Res., 47, 4218–4224.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Colcher, D., Minelli, M. F., Roseli, M. et al. (1988) Radioimmunolocalization of human carcinoma xenografts with B72.3 second generation monoclonal antibodies. Cancer Res., 48, 4597–4603.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, M. A. and Jones, A. G. (1976) Comparison of 99mTc-labeled phosphate and phosphonate agents for skeletal imaging. Semin. Nucl. Med., 6, 19–31.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Delaloye, B., Bischof-Delaloye, A., Buchegger, F. et al. (1986) Detection of colorectal carcinoma by emission-computerized tomography after injection of 123I-labeled Fab or F(ab’)2 fragments from monoclonal anti-carcinoem-bryonic antigen antibodies. J. Clin. Invest., 77, 301–311.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • DeNardo, S. J., DeNardo, G. L. and Richman, C. M. (1992) Enhancement of clinical radioimmunotherapy for cancer and the role of cytokines. J. Natl Cancer Inst., 84, 374–375.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Doerr, R. J., Abdel-Nabi, H., Krag, D. et al. (1991) Radiolabeled antibody imaging in the management of colorectal cancer. Ann. Surg., 214, 118–124.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dudley, H. C. and Marrer, H. H. (1952) Studies of the metabolism of gallium. III. Deposition in and clearance from bone. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 106, 129–134.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eckelman, W. C. and Steigman, J. (1991) Direct labeling with 99mTc. Nucl. Med. Biol, 18, 3–7.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Edward, C. L. and Hayes, R. L. (1969) Tumor scanning with Ga-67 citrate. J. Nucl. Med., 10, 103–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishman, A. J., Khaw, B. A. and Strauss, H. W. (1989) Quo vadis radioimmune imaging. J. Nucl. Med., 30, 1911–1915.

    Google Scholar 

  • Franz, J., Freeman, G. M., Barefield, E. K. et al. (1987a) Labeling of antibodies with 64Cu using a conjugate containing a macrocyclic amine chela ting agent. Nucl. Med. Biol, 14, 479–484.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Franz, J., Volkert, W. A., Barefield, E. K. et al. (1987b) The production of 99mTc-labeled conjugated antibodies using a cyclam-based bifunctional chelating agent. Nucl Med. Biol, 14, 569–572.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fritzberg, A. R. (1987) Advances in 99mTc-labeling of antibodies. Nuclearmedizin, 26, 7–12.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fritzberg, A. R., Abrams, P. G., Beaumier, P. L. et al. (1988a) Specific and stable labeling of antibodies with technetium-99m with a diamide dithiolate chelating agent. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 85, 4025–4029.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fritzberg, A. R., Bernninger, R. W., Hadley, S W. et al. (1988b) Approaches to radiolabeling of antibodies for diagnosis and therapy of cancer. Pharm. Res., 5, 325–334.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gansow, O. A. (1991) Newer approaches to the radiolabeling of monoclonal antibodies by use of metal chelates. Nucl. Med. Biol, 18, 369–381.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goldenberg, D. M. (1987) Current status of cancer imaging with radiolabeled antibodies. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol., 113, 201–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldenberg, D. M. (1988) Targeting of cancer with radiolabeled antibodies. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med., 112, 580–587.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Goodwin, D. A., Meares, C. F., McCall, M. J. et al (1988) Pre-targeted immunoscintigraphy of murine tumors with indium-III-labeled bi-functional haptens. J. Nucl. Med., 29, 226–234.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, G. L., Goldenberg, D. M., Knapp, F. F. Jr et al (1991) Direct radiolabeling of monoclonal antibodies with generator-produced rhenium 188 for radioimmunotherapy: labeling and animal biodistribution studies. Cancer Res., 51, 4594–4602.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hancock, R. D. (1992) Chelate ring size and metal ion selection. J. Chem. Ed., 69, 615–621.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hansen, H. J., Jones, A. L., Sharkey, R. M. et al. (1990) Preclinical evaluation of an ‘instant’ 99mTc-labeling kit for antibody imaging. Cancer Res., 50, 794s–798s.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hird, V., Verhoeyen, M., Badley, R. A. et al. (1991) Tumour localization with a radioactively labelled reshaped human monoclonal antibody. Br. J. Cancer, 64, 911–914.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hnatowich, D. J. (1990) Recent developments in the radiolabeling of antibodies with iodine, indium and technetium. Semin. Nucl. Med., 20, 80–91.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hnatowich, D. J. and Sands, H. (1989) On the accumulation in liver of indium-III following administration of B72.3 antibody. J. Nucl. Med., 30, 1575.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hnatowich, D. J., Virzi, F. and Doherty, P. W. (1985) DTPA-coupled antibodies labeled with yttrium-90. J. Nucl Med., 26, 503–509.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hnatowich, D. J., Virzi, F. and Rusckowski, M. (1987) Investigations of avidin and biotin for imaging applications. J. Nucl. Med., 28, 1294–1302.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hnatowich, D. J., Layne, W. W., Childs, R. L. et al. (1983) Radioactive labeling of antibody: a simple and efficient method. Science, 220, 613–615.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hnatowich, D. J., Griffin, T. W., Kosciuczyk, C. et al. (1985) Pharmacokinetics of an In-III labeled monoclonal antibody in cancer patients. J. Nucl. Med., 26, 849–858.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hnatowich, D. J., Chinol, M., Siebecker, D. A. et al. (1988) Patient biodistribution of intraperitoneally administered yttrium-90-labeled antibody. J. Nucl. Med., 29, 1428–1434.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hnatowich, D. J., Rusckowski, M., Brill, A. B. et al. (1990) Pharmacokinetics in patients of an anticarcinoembryonic antigen antibody radiolabeled with indium-III using a novel diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid chela tor. Cancer Res., 50, 7272–7278.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hnatowich, D. J., Mardirossian, G., Rusckowski, M. et al. (1993) Directly and indirectly technetium-99m-labeled antibodies-a comparison of in vitroand animal in vivo properties. J. Nucl. Med., 34, 109–119.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hnatowich, D. J., Fritz, B., Virzi, F. et al. (1993) Improved tumor localization with (strept)avidin and labeled biotin as a substitute for antibody. Nucl Med. Biol., 20, 189–193.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoefnagel, C. A., Delprat, C. C., Zanin, D. et al. (1988) New radionuclide tracers for the diagnosis and therapy of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Clin. Nucl Med., 13, 159–165.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • John, E., Thakur, M. L., DeFulvia, J. et al. (1993) Rhenium-186-labeled monoclonal antibodies for radioimmunotherapy: preparation and evaluation. J. Nucl Med., 34, 260–267.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, A. G., Francis, M. D. and Davis, M. A. (1976) Bone scanning: radionuclidic reaction mechanisms. Semin. Nucl. Med., 6, 3–18.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kalofomos, H. P., Rusckowski, M., Siebecker, D. A. et al. (1990) Imaging of tumor in patients with indium-III-labeled biotin and streptavidin-conjugated antibodies: preliminary communication. J. Nucl Med., 31, 1791–1796.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan, W. D., Takvorian, T., Morris, J. H. et al. (1987) Thallium-201 brain tumor imaging: a comparative study with pathological correlation. J. Nucl Med., 28, 47–52.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, E. N. and Jain, R. K. (1992) Effect of bivalent interaction upon apparent antibody affinity: experimental confirmation of theory using fluorescence photobleaching and implications for antibody binding assays. Cancer Res., 52, 4157–4167.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King, D. J., Mountain, A., Adair, J. R. et al. (1992) Tumor localization of engineered antibody fragments. Antibody Immuno. Radiopharm., 5, 159–169.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Klein, J. L., Leichner, P. K., Callahan, K. M. et al. (1988) Effects of anti-antibodies on radiolabeled antibody therapy. Antibody Immuno. Radiopharm., 1, 55–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kosmas, C., Snook, D., Gooden, C. S. et al. (1992) Development of humoral immune responses against a macrocyclic chelating agent (DOTA) in cancer patients receiving radioimmunoconjugates for imaging and therapy. Cancer Res., 52, 904–911.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kozak, R. W., Raubitschek, A., Mirzadeh, S. et al. (1989) Nature of the bifunctio-nal chelating agent used for radioimmunotherapy with yttrium-90 monoclonal antibodies: critical factors in determining the in vivo survival and organ toxicity. Cancer Res., 49, 2639–2644.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krejcarek, G. E. and Tucker, K. L. (1977) Covalent attachment of chelating groups to macromolecules. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 77, 581–586.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krenning, E. P., Bakker, W. H., Kooij, P. P. M. et al. (1992) Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with [111In-DTPA-D-Phel]-octeotride in man: metabolism dosimetry and comparison with [123I-Try3]-octeotride. J. Nucl Med., 33, 652–658.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuhn, J. A., Beatty, B. G., Wong, J. Y. C. et al. (1991) Interferon enhancement of radioimmunotherapy for colon carcinoma. Cancer Res., 51, 2335–2339.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langmuir, V. K. (1992) Radioimmunotherapy: clinical results and dosimetric considerations. Nucl. Med. Biol., 19, 213–255.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lanteigne, D. and Hnatowich, D. J. (1984) The labeling of DTPA-coupled proteins with 99mTc. Int. ]. Appl. Radiat. Isotopes, 35, 617–621.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LeBerthaon, B., Khawli, L. A., Alauddin, M. et al. (1991) Enhancement tumor uptake of macromolecules induced by a novel vasoactive interleukin 2 im-munoconjugate. Cancer Res., 51, 2694–2698.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lederer, C. M. and Shirley, V. S. (eds) (1978) Table of the Isotopes, 7th edn. Wiley-Interscience Publications, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, Y. C., Washburn, L. C., Sun, T. T. H. et al. (1990) Radioimmunotherapy of human colorectal carcinoma xenografts using 90Y-labeled monoclonal antibody C0-17-1A prepared by two bifunctional chelate techniques. Cancer Res., 50, 4546–4551.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • LoBuglio, A., Wheeler, R., Trang, J. et al. (1989) Mouse/human chimeric monoclonal antibody in man: kinetics and immune response. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 86, 4220–4224.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martell, A. E. and Smith, R. M. (eds) (1974) Critical Stability Constants. Plenum Publishing Co., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meares, C. F., Moi, M. K., Diril, H. et al. (1990) Macrocyclic chelates of radiomet-als for diagnosis and therapy. Br. ]. Cancer, 62 (Suppl. X), 21–26.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Milenic, D. E., Yokota, T., Filpula, D. R. et al. (1991) Construction, binding properties, metabolism and tumor targeting of a single-chain Fv derived from the pancarcinoma monoclonal antibody CC49. Cancer Res., 51, 6363–6371.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Najafi, A., Aluddin, M. M., Siegel, M. E. et al. (1991) Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of a new chelate N2S4 for use in labeling proteins with metallic radionuclides. Nucl. Med. Biol, 18, 179–185.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Najafi, A., Aluddin, M. M., Sosa, A. et al. (1992) The evaluation of 186Re-labeled antibodies using N2S4 chelate in vitro and in vivo using tumor-bearing nude mice. Nucl. Med. Biol, 19, 205–212.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ohta, H., Yamamoto, K., Endo, K. et al. (1984) A new imaging agent for medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. J. Nucl. Med., 25, 323–325.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • O’Mara, R. E. and Matin, P. (1977) Handbook of Clinical Nuclear Medicine. Medical Examination Publishing Co., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Mara, R. E. and Mozley, J. M. (1971) Current status of brain scanning. Semin. Nucl. Med., 1, 7–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paganelli, G., Magnani, P., Zito, F. et al. (1991) Three-step monoclonal antibody tumor targeting in carcinoembryonic antigen-positive patients. Cancer Res., 51, 5960–5966.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paganelli, G., Bellone, C., Magnani, P. et al. (1992) Two-step tumour targeting in ovarian cancer patients using biotinylated monoclonal antibodies and radioactive streptavidin. Eur. J. Nucl. Med., 19, 322–329.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paik, C. H., Eckelman, W. C. and Reba, R. C. (1986) Transchelation of 99mTc from low affinity sites to high affinity sites of antibodies. Nucl. Med. Biol, 13, 359–362.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paik, C. H., Ebbert, M. A., Murphy, P. R. et al. (1983) Factors influencing DTPA conjugation with antibodies by cyclic DTPA anhydride. J. Nucl. Med., 24, 1158–1163.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pak, K. Y., Nedelman, M. A., Tarn, S. H. et al. (1992) Labeling and stability of radiolabeled antibody fragments by a direct 99mTc-labeling method. Nucl. Med. Biol, 19, 669–677.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pirn, M. V., Fells, H. F., Perkins, A. C. et al. (1988) Iodine-131 and indium-III labeled avidin and streptavidin for pretargeting immunoscintigraphy with biotinylated anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies. Nucl. Med. Commun., 9, 931–941.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pless, J., Bauer, W., Briner, U. et al. (1986) Chemistry and pharmacology of SMS 201-995, a long-acting analogue of somatostatin. Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 21, (Suppl. 119), 54–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powell, M. L. (1977) Bone imaging, in Handbook of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, (ed. P. Matin), Medical Examination Publishing Co., New York, 238–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rhodes, B. A. (1991) Direct labeling of proteins with 99mTc. Nucl. Med. Biol, 18, 667–676.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodwell, J. D., Alvarez, V. L., Lee, C. et al (1986) Site-specific covalent modification of monoclonal antibodies: in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 83, 2632–2636.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Roselli, M., Schlom, J., Gansow, O. A. et al. (1989) Comparative biodistributions of yttrium-and indium-labeled monoclonal antibody B72.3 in athymic mice bearing human colon carcinoma xenografts. J. Nucl. Med., 30, 672–682.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rowlinson, G., Rusckowski, M., Gionet, M. et al (1988) Animal tumour localisation studies with streptavidin-conjugated antibody and labeled biotin. J. Nucl Med., 29, 763 (Abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruegg, C. L., Anderson-Berg, W. T., Brechbiel, M. W. et al. (1990) Improved in vivo stability and tumor targeting of bismuth-labeled antibody. Cancer Res., 50, 4221–4226.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rusckowski, M., Fritz, B. and Hnatowich, D. J. (1992) Localization of infection using streptavidin and biotin: an alternative to nonspecific polyclonal immunoglobulin. J. Nucl. Med., 33, 1810–1815.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salk, D. (1988) Technetium-labeled monoclonal antibodies for imaging metastatic melanoma: results of a multicenter clinical study. Semin. Oncol., 15, 608–618.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sands, H. (1988) Radioimmunoconjugates: an overview of problems and promises. Antibody Immuno. Radiopharm., 1, 213–226.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schonbrunn, A. and Tashjian, A. H. Jr (1978) Characterization of functional receptors for somatostatin in rat pituitary cells in culture. J. Biol. Chem., 253, 6473–6483.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz, A. and Steinstrasser, A. (1987) A novel approach to 99Tcm-labelled monoclonal antibodies. J. Nucl. Med., 27, 721 (Abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sfakianakis, G. N., Garty, I. L. and Serafini, A. N. (1990) Radioantibodies for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer; radioimmunoimaging (RAI) and radio-immunotherapy (RAT). Cancer Invest., 8, 381–405.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharkey, R. M., Motta-Hennessy, C., Gansow, O. A. et al. (1990) Selection of a DTP A chelate conjugate for monoclonal antibody targeting to a human colonie tumor in nude mice. Int. J. Cancer, 46, 79–85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharkey, R. M., Griffiths, G. L., Jones, A. L. et al. (1992) Phase I radioimmuno-therapy using directly labeled 188Re-murine anti-carcinoembryonic antigen IgG: preliminary results. Antibody Immuno. Radiopharm., 5, 343 (Abstract).

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, A., Holmes, R. A., Farhangi, M. et al. (1989) Human pharmacokinetics of samarian-153 EDTMP in metastatic cancer. J. Nucl Med., 30, 1814–1818.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Snook, D. E., Rowlinson, G., Meares, C. et al. (1991) Indium-111-and yttrium-90-labeled macrocyclic chelating agents, in Monoclonal Antibodies (ed. A. A. Epenetos), Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 157–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stewart, J. S. W., Hird, V., Snook, D. et al. (1990) Intraperitoneal yttrium-90-labeled monoclonal antibody in ovarian cancer. J. Clin. Oncol., 8, 1941–1950.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian, G., McAfee, J. G., Bill, E. G. et al. (1972) 99mTc-labeled poly-phosphates as a skeletal imaging agent. Radiology, 102, 701–704.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Subramanian, G., McAfee, J. G., Blair, R. J. et al. (1975) Technetium-99m-methylene diphosphonate-a superior agent for skeletal imaging: comparison with other technetium complexes. J. Nucl. Med., 16, 744–755.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sullivan, D. C., Sila, J. S., Cox, C. E. et al. (1982) Localization of I-131 labeled goat and primate anti-carcinoembryonic antigen antibodies. J. Clin. Invest., 77, 301–311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sundberg, M. W., Meares, C. F., Goodwin, D. A. et al. (1974) Selective binding of metal ions to macromolecules using bifunctional analogs of EDTA. J. Med. Chem., 17, 1304–1307.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tsan, M.-F. and Scheffel, U. (1986) Mechanism of gallium-67 accumulation in tumors. J. Nucl Med., 27, 1210–1215.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vriesendorp, H. M., Herpst, J. M., Leichner, P. J. et al. (1989) Polyclonal 90yttrium labeled antiferritin for refractory Hodgkin’s disease. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol Biol. Phys., 17, 815–821.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watanabe, Y., Endo, K., Saga, T. et al. (1990) Influence of cocktails of labeled monoclonal antibodies on the localization of antibodies in human tumor xenografts. Jpn. J. Cancer Res., 81, 266–271.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Westerberg, D. A., Carney, P. L., Rogers, P. E. et al. (1989) Synthesis of novel bifunctional chelators and their use in preparing monoclonal antibody conjugates for tumor targeting. J. Med. Chem., 32, 236–243.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zimmer, A. M., Rosen, S. T., Spies, S. M. et al. (1988) Radioimmunotherapy of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma using an iodine-131-labeled monoclonal antibody: analysis of retreatment following plasmapheresis. J. Nucl. Med., 29, 174–180.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zulutsky, M. R. and Narula, A. S. (1987) A method for the radiohalogenation of proteins resulting in decreased thyroid uptake of radioiodine. Appl. Radiat. Isotopes, 38, 1051–1055.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors
  1. D. J. Hnatowich
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Johnson Matthey Technology Centre, Reading, UK

    Simon P. Fricker

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Hnatowich, D.J. (1994). The in vivo use of metallic Radioisotopes in cancer detection and Imaging. In: Fricker, S.P. (eds) Metal Compounds in Cancer Therapy. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1252-9_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1252-9_10

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4545-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-1252-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation