Management Concepts

Abstract

During the first half of this century, mass production of standardized products was the main objective. Management focused mainly on maximizing output and optimization of direct labor and equipment costs, since they were the dominant elements of the product cost. Competitiveness was directly dependent on managing these costs. To cope with this environment, accounting systems that established objectives and closely monitored the productivity of individual workers as well as the utilization of production equipment were developed. Such systems are called Management By Objectives (MBO)