Abstract
A model has been developed to estimate the regional emission of greenhouse gases from land-use related sources. Driving forces for this model are the changing regional demand for food and wood products driven by demographic and economic developments (Zuidema et al., 1994). To include the environmental conditions, which are essential factors determining the flux for certain sources, emissions are grid-based where possible. Grid-based explicit calculations are given for CH4 emission from rice, wetlands, emissions from deforestation, savanna burning and agricultural waste burning and N2O from natural soils, arable lands and deforestation. For a number of sources (landfills, domestic sewage treatment, termites, methane hydrates and aquatic sources) geographically explicit calculations are not yet possible because of data limitations. For most of the sources the global results of the calculations are in agreement with other scenario studies, although there are differences for a number of individual sources.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Alcamo, J., Kreileman, G.J.J., Krol, M., Zuidema, G.: 1994a, Modeling the global society-biosphere-climate system, Part I: Model description and testing, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 76 (this volume).
Alcamo, J., Van Den Born, G.J., Bouwman, A.F., De Haan, B., Klein Goldewijk, K., Klepper, O., Leemans, R., Olivier, J.G.J, Toet, A.M.C., de Vries, H.J.M., Van de Woerd, H.: 1994b, Modeling the global society-biosphere-climate system, Part II: Computed scenarios, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 76 (this volume).
Anderson, I.C. and Poth, M.A.: 1989, Semiannual losses of nitrogen as NO and N2O from unbumed and burned chaparral, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 3: 121–135.
Aselmann, I. and Crutzen, P.J.: 1989, Global distribution of natural freshwater wetlands and rice paddies: their net primary productivity, seasonality and possible methane emissions, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 8: 307–358.
Bartlett, K.B., Crill, P.M., Sass, R.L., Harriss, R.C. and Dise, N.B.: 1992, Methane emissions from tundra environments in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, Journal of Geophysical Research, 97: 16645–16660.
Batjes, N.H. and E.M. Bridges (Eds.): 1992, World inventory of soil emission potentials. Proceedings of the International Workshop organized in the framework of the Netherlands National Research Programme on Global Air Pollution and Climate Change (NOP). WISE report No. 2, International Soil Reference and Information Centre, Wageningen.
Bingemer, H.G. and Crutzen, P.J.: 1987, The production of methane from solid wastes, Journal of Geophysical Research, 92: 2181–2187.
Bouwman, A.F.: 1991, Agronomic aspects of wetland rice cultivation and associated methane emissions, Biogeochemistry, 15: 65–88.
Bouwman, A.F.: 1993, Global distribution of nitrous oxide: analysis of the biogenic sources, In: Van Amstel, A. (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Workshop on Methane and Nitrous oxide. Methods for National Inventories and Options for Control. RIVM report 481507003. p. 261–272, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Bouwman, A.F., Fung, I., Matthews, E. and John, J.: 1993, Global analysis of the potential for N2O production in natural soils, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 7: 557–597.
Bowden, R.D., Steudler, P.A., Melillo, J.M. and Aber, J.D.: 1990, Annual nitrous oxide fluxes from temperate forest soils in the northeastern United States, Journal of Geophysical Research, 95: 13997–14005.
Cates, R.L. and Keeney, D.R.: 1987, Nitrous oxide emission from native and reestablished prairies in southern Wisconsin, The American Midland Naturalist, 117, 35–42.
Cicerone, R.J. and Oremland, R.S.: 1988, Biogeochemical aspects of atmospheric methane, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2: 299–327.
Crutzen, P.J. and Andreae, M.O.: 1990, Biomass burning in the tropics: impact on atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles, Science, 250: 1669–1678.
Crutzen, P.J., Aselmann, I. and Seiler, W.: 1986, Methane production by domestic animals, wild ruminants, other herbivorous fauna and humans, Tellus, 38B: 271–284.
Davidson, E.A: 1991, Fluxes of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide from terrestrial ecosystems, In: Rogers, J.E. and Whitman, W.B. (Eds), Microbial Production and Consumption of Greenhouse Gases: Methane, Nitrogen Oxides and Halomethanes. p.219–235, American Society of Microbiology, Washington, D.C.
Duxbury, J.M., Bouldin, D.R., Terry, R.E. and Tate III, R.L.: 1982, Emissions of nitrous oxide from soils, Nature, 298: 462–464.
Eichner, M.J: 1990, Nitrous oxide emissions from fertilized soils: summary of available data, Journal of Environmental Quality, 19: 272–280.
EPA: 1990, Greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural systems, Volume I and II, Proceedings of the Workshop on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agricultural Systems. Prepared for IPCC-RSWG-AFOS, EPA Office of Policy Analysis, Washington, September 1990
FAO: 1991, Agrostat PC. Computerized Information Series 1/3. Land use.FAO Publications Division, FAO, Rome.
Fung, I., John, J., Lerner, J., Matthews, E., Prather, M., Steele, L.P. and Fraser, P.J.: 1991, Three-dimensional model synthesis of the global methane cycle, Journal of Geophysical Research, 96: 13033–13065.
Gibbs, M.J. and R.A. Leng: 1993, Methane emissions from livestock, In: Van Amstel, A. (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Workshop on Methane and Nitrous Oxide. Methods for National Inventories and Options for Control. RIVM report 481507003. p. 73–79, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Gibbs, M.J. and J.W. Woodbury: 1993, Methane emissions from livestock manure, In: Van Amstel, A. (Ed.), Proceedings of the International Workshop on Methane and Nitrous Oxide. Methods for National Inventories and Options for Control. RIVM report 481507003. p. 81–91, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Goodroad, L.L. and Keeney, D.R.: 1984, Nitrous oxide emission from forest, marsh and prairie ecosystems, Journal of Environmental Quality, 13: 448–452.
Hao, W.M., Liu, M.H. and Crutzen, P.J.: 1990, Estimates of annual and regional releases of CO2 and other trace gases to the atmosphere from fires in the tropics, based on the FAO statistics for the period 1975-1980, In: Goldhammer, J.G. (Ed.), Fire in the Tropical Biota. Ecological Studies, 84: p 440–462. Springer Verlag, Berlin.
Hao, W.M., Scharffe, D.S, Crutzen, P.J. and Sanhueza, E.: 1988, Production of N2O, CH4 and CO2 from soils in the tropical savanna during the dry season, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 7: 93–105.
Isaksen, I.S.A., Ramaswamy, V., Rodhe, H. and Wigley, T.M.L.: 1992, Radiative forcing to climate, In: Houghton, J.T., Callander, B.A. and Varney, S.K. (Eds.), Climate Change 1992. The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment, p. 49–67, University Press, Cambridge.
Keller, M., Goreau, T.J., Wofsy, S.C., Kaplan, W.A., McElroy, M.B.: 1983, Production of nitrous oxide and consumption of methane by forest soils, Geophysical Research Letters, 10: 1156–1159.
Keller, M., Kaplan, W.A. and Wofsy, S.C.: 1986, Emissions of N2O, CH4 and CO2 from tropical forest soils, Journal of Geophysical Research, 91: 11791–11802.
Keller, M., Kaplan, W.A., Wofsy, S.C. and Da Costa, J.M.: 1988, Emission of N2O from tropical soils: response to fertilization with NH4 +, NO3 - and PO4 3- Journal of Geophysical Research, 93: 1600–1604.
Keller, M., Veldkamp, E., Weitz, A.M. and Reiners, W.A.: 1993, Pasture age effects on soil-atmosphere trace gas exchange in a deforested area of Costa Rica, Nature, 365: 244–246.
Khalil, M.A.K. and Rasmussen, R.A.: 1992, The global sources of nitrous oxide, Journal of Geophysical Research, 97: 14651–14660.
Klein Goldewijk, K., Van Minnen, J.G., Kreileman, G.JJ., Vloedbeld, M., Leemans, R.: 1994, Simulating the carbon flux between the terrestrial environment and the atmosphere, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 76 (this volume).
Lerner, J., Matthews, E., and Fung, I.: 1988, Methane emission from animals: a global high resolution database, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2: 139–156.
Livingston, G.P., Vitousek, P.M. and Matson, P.A.: 1988, Nitrous oxide flux and nitrogen transformations across a landscape gradient in Amazonia, Journal of Geophysical Research, 93: 1593–1599.
Luizao, F., Matson, P., Livingston, G., Luizao, R. and Vitousek, P.: 1989, Nitrous oxide flux following tropical land clearing, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 3: 281–285.
Matson, P.A. and Vitousek, P.M.: 1987, Cross-ecosystem comparisons of soil nitrogen and nitrous oxide flux in tropical ecosystems, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1: 163–170.
Matson, P.A. and Vitousek, P.M.: 1990, Ecosystem approach for the development of a global nitrous oxide budget.Processes that regulate gas emissions vary in predictable ways, Bioscience, 40: 667–672.
Matson, P.A., Vitousek, P.M. and Schimel, D.S.: 1989, Regional extrapolation of trace gas flux based on soils and ecosystems, In: Andreae, M.O. and Schimel, D.S. (Eds.), Exchange of trace gases between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere, p. 97–108, Dahlem workshop report, Wiley and Sons, Chichester, New York.
Matson, P.A., Vitousek, P.M., Livingston, G.P. and Swanberg, N.A.: 1990, Sources of variation in nitrous oxide flux from Amazonian ecosystems, Journal of Geophysical Research, 95: 16789–16798.
Matthews, E. and Fung, I.: 1987, Methane emission from natural wetlands: Global distribution, area, and environmental characteristics of sources, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1: 61–86.
Matthews, E., Fung, I. and Lerner, J.: 1991, Methane emission from rice cultivation: geographic and seasonal distribution of cultivated areas and emissions, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 5: 3–24.
Mosier, A.R., Stillwell, M., Parton, W.J. and Woodmansee, R.G.: 1981, Nitrous oxide emissions from a native shortgrass prairie, Soil Science Society of America Journal, 45: 617–619.
Olson, J.S., Watts, J.A. and Allison, L.J.: 1983, Carbon in live vegetation of major world ecosystems. ORNL 5862. Environmental Sciences Division Publication No. 1997. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. National Technical Information Service. U.S. Dept. Commerce.
Pacyna, J.: 1992, Report of the Second Workshop of the Global Emissions Inventory Activity (GEIA), Lillestrom, June 1992.
Pepper, W., Leggett, J., Swart, R., Watson, J., Edmonds, J. and Mintzer, I.: 1992, Emission scenarios for the IPCC: an update. Assumptions, methodology and results, 115 p, prepared for IPCC Working Group I, May 1992.
Parton, W.J, Mosier, A.R. and Schimel, D.S.: 1988, Rates and pathways of nitrous oxide production in a shortgrass steppe, Biogeochemistry, 6: 45–48.
Ronen, D., Magaritz, M. and Almon, E.: 1988, Contaminated aquifers are a forgotten component in the global N2O budget, Nature, 335: 57–59.
Ryden, J.C: 1981, N2O exchange between a grassland soil and the atmosphere, Nature, 292: 235–237.
Schmidt, J., Seiler, W. and Conrad, R.: 1988, Emission of nitrous oxide from temperate forest soils into the atmosphere, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 6: 95–115.
SEI: 1992, National Greenhouse Gas Accounts. Current anthropogenic sources and sinks. 37p., Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Seiler, W. and Conrad, R.: 1981, Field measurements of natural and fertilizer induced N2O release rates from soils, Journal Air Pollution Control Association, 31: 767–772.
Seitzinger, S.P.: 1990, Denitrification in aquatic sediments, in Revsbech, N.P. and Sorensen (Eds.), Denitrification in soil and sediment, p. 301–322, Plenum Press, New York.
Shine, K.P., Derwent, R.G., Wuebbles, D.J., Morcrette, J.-J.: 1990, Radiative forcing to climate, in Houghton, J.T., Jenkins, G.J. and Ephreanus, J.J. (Eds.), Climate Change. The IPCC Assessment, p. 45–68, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Smith, C.J., Delaune, R.D. and Patrick Jr, W.H.: 1983, Nitrous oxide emission from Gulf Coast wetlands, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 47:, 1805–1814.
Taylor, J.A.: 1992, Aglobal three-dimensioal lagrangian tracer transport modelling study of the sources and sinks of nitrous oxide, Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 33: 597–602.
Taylor, J.A., G.P. Brasseur, P.R. Zimmerman and Cicerone, R.J.: 1991, Astudy of the sources and sinks of methane and methylchloroform using a global three-dimensional lagrangian tropospheric tracer transport model, Journal of Geophysical Research, 96: 3013–3044.
Vitousek, P.M., Matson, P., Volkman, C., Mass, J.M. and Garcia, G.: 1990, Nitrous oxide flux from dry tropical forests, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 3: 375–382.
de Vries, H.J.M., Olivier, J.G.J., Van den Wijngaart, R., Kreileman, G.J.J., and Toet, S.: 1994, Amodel for calculating regional energy use and emissions to evaluate global climate change policies, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 76 (this volume).
Watson, R.T., Meira Filho, L.G., Sanhueza, E. and Janetos, A.: 1992, Sources and sinks, In: Houghton, J.T., Callander, B.A. and Varney, S.K. (Eds.), Climate change 1992. The Supplementary Report to the IPCC Scientific Assessment, pp 25–46, University Press, Cambridge.
Zuidema, G., Van Den Born, G.J., Alcamo, J. and Kreileman, G.J.J.: 1994, Simulating changes in land cover as affected by economic and climate factors, Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 76 (this volume).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kreileman, G.J.J., Bouwman, A.F. (1994). Computing Land use Emissions of Greenhouse Gases. In: Alcamo, J. (eds) Image 2.0. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1200-0_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1200-0_7
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4525-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-1200-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive