Abstract
Concentrations of selected metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn and Pb), oxidizable organic carbons, sediment acid potentials, dissolved oxygen (DO), dissolved solids, suspended solids, pH, conductivity, salinity and temperature in the Inanam River Estuary and the KO-Nelayan tiger prawn aquaculture ponds were monitored during the period March to August 1989. Dissolved Co and Pb were found to be higher than the recommended values of 0.05 mgl−1 (Krenkel & Novotny, 1980; Nemerow, 1985), whereas the other metals were comparable to the recommended safe levels. DO concentrations of the river and pond water were in the range 2.6–4.7 mgl−1 and 3.0–5.3 mgl−1 respectively, both with an average which was lower than the optimum value for the growth of prawns which is 5 mgl −1. Ferrous sulfide concentrations were in the range 0.14–1.20%. Suspended solids were higher than the maximum (40 mgl −1) recommended value by WHO (1978). Other physical parameters were within the recommended range for optimal growth of tiger prawns.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
APHA, 1985. Standard Methods For The Examination of Water and Wastewater. 16th edn. American Public Health Assoc, AWWA, AWPCF. Washington. 493 pp.
Aston, S. R. &R. Chester, 1976. Estuarine sedimentary processes. In J. D. Burton &P. S. Liss (eds), Estuarine Chemistry. Academic Press, London: 148–150.
Banerjee, S. M., 1967. Water quality and soils condition of fish ponds in some states of India in relation to fish production.Indian J. Fisheries 14: 115–168.
Burton, J. D., 1976. Basic properties and processes in estuarine chemistry. In J. D. Burton &P. S. Liss (eds), Estuarine Chemistry. Academic Press, London: 1–31.
Chiang, D. M., 1982. Feed, feeding culture technology and management. Hanaqua Feed Corporation, Taiwan: 1–6.
Chiang, P. &I. C. Liao, 1985. The practice of grass Prawn (Penaeus monodon) culture in Taiwan from 1968 to 1984. J. World Maric. Soc. 16: 297–315.
Foong, C. S., 1984. Kajian Garis Dasar Kualiti Air Di Lembangan Sungai Inanam. Hons. thesis, Dept. of Chemistry,National University of Malaysia (Sabah Campus), Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
Krenkel, P. A. &V. Novotny, 1980. Water quality Management.Academic Press, New York: 112–147.
Law, A. T., 1988. Water quality requirements for Penaeus monodon. In K. J. Ang &S. Tarlochan (eds), Marine Prawn Farming in Malaysia. Proc. Seminar Marine Prawn Farming in Malaysia. Malaysian Fisheries Society, Serdang: 53–60.
Liong, P. C., 1984. Water quality standards for aquaculture in Malaysia. Fisheries Bulletin 20. Dept. of Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Murtedza, M. &G. Usup, 1987. Water Quality and Hydrography of Buat-Inanam-Likas Estuary. Report to Jurutera Konsultant Sdn. Bhd. Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, 60 pp.
Nemerow, N. L., 1985. Stream, lake, estuary, and ocean pollution.Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc., New York, 275 pp.
Othman, T., 1986. Kajian kualiti air Teluk Sepangar dan Muara Sungai Inanam. B. Sc. Hons. thesis, Dept. of Chemistry, National University of Malaysia (Sabah Campus),Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
Phillips, J., 1972. Chemical processes in estuaries. In R. S. K. Barnes &J. Green (eds), The estuarine environment. Applied Science Publishers Ltd: 33–47.
Prohic, E. &G. Kniewald, 1987. Heavy metal distribution in recent sediment of the Krka River estuary -an example of sequential extraction analysis. Mar. Chem. 22: 279–297.
Rosly, B. H. &T. L. Ti, 1986. Observation on acid runoff and iron in brackish water fishponds. Problems and implications.Fisheries Bulletin 43. Fisheries Dept., Ministry of Agriculture, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Sarmani, S., 1985. Kajian pemonitoran kualiti air Lembangan Sungai Langat, Selangor. Sains Malaysiana 14: 245–255.
Simpson, H. J., H. W. Ducklow, B. Deck &H. L. Cook, 1983. Brackish-water aquaculture in pyrite-bearing tropical soils. Aquaculture 34: 333–350.
Tessier, A., P. G. C. Campbell &M. Biosson, 1979. Sequential extraction procedure for speciation of particulate trace metals. Analyt. Chem. 51: 844–851.
Waite, T. D., 1984. Principles of Water Quality. Academic Press, London.
Walkley, A. &I. A. Black, 1934. An examination of the Degtjareff methods for determining soil organic matter, and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Sci 37: 29–37.
WHO, 1978. Environmental health criteria. Principles and methods for evaluating the toxicity of chemicals. Part I: 19–21.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Mokhtar, M.B., Awaluddin, A.B., Guan, L.Y. (1994). Water quality of Inanam River estuary and the Ko-Nelayan tiger prawn aquaculture ponds in Sabah, Malaysia. In: Sasekumar, A., Marshall, N., Macintosh, D.J. (eds) Ecology and Conservation of Southeast Asian Marine and Freshwater Environments including Wetlands. Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 98. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0958-1_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0958-1_22
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4414-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-0958-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive