Abstract
Acoustic cavitation in llquids generates a variety of high energy chemical processes, including sonoluminescence. Intense local heating, either by adiabatic compression or through shock wave formation, occurs with the collapse of bubbles during acoustic cavitation. Previously, we have quantified local temperatures by spectroscopic analysis of sonoluminescence from cavitating bubble clouds. In hydrocarbon liquids, sonoluminescence closely resembles flame emission. The emission is dominantly from excited states of diatomic carbon, C 2; the rotational and vibrational fine structure of this emission permits a spectroscopic determination of the emission temperature of the excited states of C 2, which is ≈ 5100 K. In order to use sonoluminescence to probe local pressures during cavitation, emission from atomic rather than molecular excited states is required. This allows us to accurately measure excited state lifetimes, which can be related to inter-atomic collision rates, and hence pressure. We have discovered that excited state metal atoms are produced during ultrasonic irradiation of solutions containing volatile metal carbonyls. Linewidth analysis of this emission permits us to determine collisional lifetimes of the emitting atoms and from that to estimate effective local pressures during cavitation. The observed excited state lifetime of Cr atoms during emission from Cr(CO)6 is 0.20 ± 0.02 picoseconds, and with a corresponding calculated pressure of 1700 ±110 atmospheres (1.72 ± 0.11 kBar).
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Suslick, K.S., Kemper, K.A. (1994). Pressure measurements during acoustic cavitation by sonoluminescence. In: Blake, J.R., Boulton-Stone, J.M., Thomas, N.H. (eds) Bubble Dynamics and Interface Phenomena. Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, vol 23. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0938-3_29
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0938-3_29
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