Abstract
Studies of animal-patch interactions have generally focused on how animals are affected by patchy habitats (Wiens, 1985; Johnson, Milne and Wiens, 1992; Levin, 1992) rather than how they create them (but see Belsky, this volume). Scientists who observe animal activities that may alter habitat usually quantify and interpret those behaviors in terms of the life history of the animal, rather than consequences to the landscape, hence it is often assumed that their influence is minimal. However, there is growing evidence of the ability of animals to influence landscape pattern and process (Botkin, Melillo and Wu, 1981; Naiman, 1988; Johnston, Pastor and Naiman, 1993).
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Johnston, C.A. (1995). Effects of animals on landscape pattern. In: Hansson, L., Fahrig, L., Merriam, G. (eds) Mosaic Landscapes and Ecological Processes. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0717-4_3
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