Skip to main content

In vitro import of proteins into chloroplasts

  • Chapter
Plant Molecular Biology Manual

Abstract

Reconstitution of precursor transport using isolated intact chloroplasts was first demonstrated in the late 1970s using the precursor to the small subunit of ribulose bis-phosphate carboxylase [1,2]. Subsequent optimization and characterization has demonstrated that the in vitro reconstitution assay works with a number of precursor proteins [3] and faithfully mimics intra-organellar targeting as well as transport into the chloroplast [4, 5]. The in vitro reconstitution assays have been very useful in studying the details of the transport process as well as confirming the intracellular location of putative chloroplastic precursor proteins after the isolation of cDNA clones [6, 5]. Those readers desiring a detailed study of precursor protein transport into chloroplasts should consult the extensive literature on this topic [7–9]. This chapter is aimed at researchers with a cDNA clone encoding a putative precursor protein who wish to evaluate the transport competence of the precursor to confirm the intracellular location of the gene product.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Highfield PE, Ellis RJ (1978) Synthesis and transport of the small of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. Nature 271: 420–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Chua NH, Schmidt GW (1978) Post-translational transport into intact chloroplasts of a precursor to the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 75: 6110–6114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Grossman AR, Bartlett SG, Schmidt GW, Mullet JE, Chua N-H (1982) Optimal conditions for post-translational uptake of proteins by isolated chloroplasts. J Biol Chem 257: 1558–1563.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Smeekens S, Bauerle C, Hageman J, Keegstra K, Weisbeek P (1986) The role of the transit peptide in the routing of precursors towards different chloroplast compartments. Cell 46: 365–376.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Li HM, Sullivan TD, Keegstra K (1992) Information for targeting to the chloroplastic inner envelope membrane is contained in the mature region of the maize Bt l-encoded protein. J Biol Chem 267: 18999–19004.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Napier JA, Larsson KH, Madueno F, Gray JC (1992) Import and processing of the precursor of the delta-subunit of tobacco chloroplast ATP synthase. Plant Mol Biol 20: 549–554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. De Boer AD, Weisbeek PJ (1991) Chloroplast protein topogenesis: import, sorting, and assembly. Biophys Biochim Acta, Reviews on Biomembranes.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Keegstra K, Olsen LJ, Theg SM (1989) Chloroplastic precursors and their transport across the envelope membranes. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 40: 471–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Soil J, Alefsen H (1993) The protein import apparatus of chloroplasts. Physiol Plant 87: 433–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Halpin C, Musgrove JE, Lord JM, Robinson C (1989) Import and processing of proteins by castor bean leucoplasts. FEBS Lett 258: 32–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Mishkind ML, Greer KL, Schmidt GW (1987) Cell-Free Reconsitution of Protein Transport into Chloroplast. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Anderson CW, Straus JW, Dudock BS (1983) Preparation of Cell-Free Protein-Synthesizing System from Wheat Germ. New York, NY: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Arnon DI (1949) Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts. polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiol 24: 1–15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Bauerle C, Dorl J, Keegstra K (1991) Kinetic analysis of the transport of thylakoid lumenal proteins in experiments using intact chloroplasts. J Biol Chem 266: 5884–5890.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Friedman AL, Keegstra K (1989) Chloroplast protein import. Quantitative analysis of precursor binding. Plant Physiol 89: 993–999.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Olsen L, Theg SM, Selman BR, Keegstra K (1989) ATP is required for the binding of precursor proteins to chloroplasts. J Biol Chem 264: 6724–6729.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Cline K, Werner-Washburne M, Lubben TH, Keegstra K (1985) Precursors to two nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins bind to the outer envelope membrane before being imported into chloroplasts. J Biol Chem 260: 3691–3696.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Cline K, Werner-Washburne M, Andrews J, Keegstra K (1984) Thermolysin is a suitable protease for probimg the surface of intact pea chlorplasts. Plant Physiol 75: 675–678.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1994 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bruce, B.D., Perry, S., Froehlich, J., Keegstra, K. (1994). In vitro import of proteins into chloroplasts. In: Gelvin, S.B., Schilperoort, R.A. (eds) Plant Molecular Biology Manual. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0511-8_32

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0511-8_32

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-011-7654-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-0511-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics