Abstract
Spectral properties of carbocyanine dyes are highly sensitive to polarity of the environment. Absorption and fluorescence spectra of carbocyanines are also concentration dependent, which results from their ability to form aggregates. The aggregation process is caused by strong dispersion forces between molecular dipoles and is dependent on the solvent composition [1,2]. In diluted aqueous and alcoholic solutions the dyes exit mainly as monomers, which exhibit M-absorption band and strong fluorescence. At elevated concentrations and in the presence of salts the dyes form nonfluorescent dimers and H-aggregates, whose absorption maxima (D and H bands, respectively) are blue shifted relative to the M band. Some carbocyanines form also another type of aggregates, characterized by narrow and intense J-absorption band and resonance fluorescence at longer wavelength than the M-band [3]. Recently it was found that the J-aggregates could form at phospholipid liposome surface [4,5].
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Sidorowicz, A., Poła, A. (1995). Luminescence Properties of Carbocyanine Dyes Adsorbed on Phospholipid Liposomes. In: Merlin, J.C., Turrell, S., Huvenne, J.P. (eds) Spectroscopy of Biological Molecules. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0371-8_189
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0371-8_189
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