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The Molecular Biology of Cyanobacteria pp 65–89Cite as

Molecular Biology of Cyanelles

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Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis ((AIPH,volume 1))

Summary

In a number of systematically unrelated eucaryotes, plastid-like organelles, termed cyanelles, are found which resemble present day cyanobacteria in morphology, biochemical organization of their photosynthetic apparatus, and in the presence of apeptidoglycan wall. The existence of cyanelles in species of different systematic position indicates repeated invasions ofheterotrophically living cells by cyanobacteria-like organisms in the evolutionary past. Only one of these cyanelle-bearing algae has been studied to some extent. Investigations into the genome and gene structure of the cyanelle of the unicellular eucaryotic alga Cyanophora paradoxa are reviewed. The cyanelle genome of approximately 130,000 bp includes more genes than the chromosomes of typical higher plant chloroplasts, mainly because only very few introns are found in cyanelle genes. Genes are tightly packed in operons that are similar in structure to bacterial operons. Up until now, with perhaps 85% of the cyanelle genome sequenced, genes that are typically found in chloroplasts are found in cyanelles as well. A remarkable exception is the apparent absence of ndh gene homologs. Other cyanelle genes, absent from chloroplasts, encode proteins functioning in isoprenoid biosynthesis, chlorophyll biosynthesis, other metabolic processes, and protein transport and protein folding. Generally, more of the genes encoding components of multi-protein complexes (ribosomes, photosystems, ATP synthase, etc.) are retained by cyanelles. In their gene complement cyanelles resemble chromophytic and rhodophytic algal plastids, while in their gene organization parallels exist to cyanobacteria as well as to higher plant plastids.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut für Biochemie und Molekulare Zellbiologie der, Universität Wien und Ludwig-Boltzmann-Forschungsstelle für Biochemie, A-1030, Wien, Austria

    Wolfgang Löffelhardt

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, BioSciences West, Tucson, Arizona, 85721, USA

    Hans J. Bohnert

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  1. Wolfgang Löffelhardt
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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA

    Donald A. Bryant

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Löffelhardt, W., Bohnert, H.J. (1994). Molecular Biology of Cyanelles. In: Bryant, D.A. (eds) The Molecular Biology of Cyanobacteria. Advances in Photosynthesis, vol 1. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0227-8_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0227-8_4

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