Skip to main content

Current views on the use of nerve blocking in the relief of chronic pain

  • Chapter
The Therapy of Pain

Part of the book series: Current Status of Modern Therapy ((CSMT,volume 6))

Abstract

The universal accessibility of nerve blocking procedures, compared with the limited availability of specialized neurosurgical measures means that, in the present state of therapeutics, the former retain their wide acceptance and usefulness1. However, while they have a general usefulness, such blocks (and some neurosurgical procedures) are already being displaced in major pain relief centres by other forms of therapy. Temporary nerve blocks may be of value in confirming the differential diagnosis in some forms of chronic pain and occasionally produce more than temporary relief. Neurolytic agents can still provide a considerable degree of relief when properly employed, but when misused, complications may be serious or even fatal. The incidence of neuralgia and the recovery of sensation during the course of nerve regeneration make their use of more limited value in benign conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Swerdlow, M. (1979). Subarachnoid and extradural neurolytic blocks. In Bonica, J. J., and Ventafridda, V. (eds). Advances in Pain Research and Therapy. Vol. 2 p. 325. (New York: Raven Press)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bonica, J. J. (1974). Current Role of Nerve Blocks in Diagnosis and Therapy of Pain. In Bonica, J. J., (ed). Advances in Neurology, Vol. 4 (New York: Raven Press)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Pitkin, G. P. Conduction Anaesthesia. 2nd Edn. (Philadelphia: Lippincott)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Eriksson, E. (ed). (1979). Illustrated Handbook of Local Anaesthesia (Copenhagen: I. C. Sorenson)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Wood, K. M. (1978). Use of phenol as a neurolytic agent: a review. Pain, 5, 205

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Smith, M. C. (1964). Histological findings following intrathecal injection of phenol solutions for the relief of pain. Br. J. Anaesth., 36, 387

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Möller, J. E., Holweg-Larsen, J. and Jacobsen, E. (1969). Histopathological lesions in sciatic nerve of the rat following perineural application of phenol and alcohol solution. Dan. Med. Bull., 16, 116

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Felsenthal, G. (1974) Pharmacology of phenol in peripheral nerve block: a review. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehab., 55, 13

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Burkel, W. E. and McPhee, M. (1970). Effect of phenol injection into peripheral nerve of the rat. Electron microscope studies. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehab., 51, 391

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Nour-Eldin, F. (1970). Preliminary report: uptake of phenol by vascular and brain tissue. Microvasc. Res., 2, 224

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Ichiyanagi, K., Matsuki, M., Kenefuchi, S. and Kato, Y. (1975). Progressive changes in the concentration of phenol and glycerine in the human subarachnoid space. Anaesthesiology, 42, 622

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Lipton, S. (1979). The control of pain (Current Topics in Anaesthesia-2) (London: Edward Arnold)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Dimitrijevic, M. R. and Nathan, P. W. (1967). Studies of spasticity in man. 1. Some features of spasticity. Brain, 90, 1

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Churcher, M. (1978). Peripheral nerve blocks in relief of intractable pain. In Swerdlow, M. (ed.) Relief of Intractable Pain, 2nd Edn. pp. 99–120 (Amsterdam: Experta Medica)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Papo, I. and Visca, A. (1976). Intrathecal phenol in the treatment of pain and spasticity. Progress in Neurological Survey, 7, 56

    Google Scholar 

  16. Maher, R. M. (1955). Relief of pain in incurable cancer. Lancet, 1, 18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Bonica, J. J. (1953). The Management of Pain. (Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Swerdlow, M. (1978). In Swerdlow, M. (ed.). Relief of Intractable Pain, 2nd Edn. pp. 121–155 (Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Nathan, P. W. (1972). Pain in cancer. Comparison of results of cordotomy and chemical rhizotomy. In Fusek, J. and Kung, Z. (eds.) Present Limits of Neurosurgery, p. 513. (Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Papo, J. and Visca, A. (1974). Phenol rhizotomy in the treatment of cancer pain. Anaesth. Analg., 53, 993

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Brown, A. S. (1961). Treatment of intractable pain by nerve block with phenol. Excerpta Medica. Int. Congress Series, 36, E. 59

    Google Scholar 

  22. Maher, R. M. and Mehta, M. (1977). Spinal intrathecal and extradural analgesia. In Lipton, S. (ed.) Persistent Pain, Chap. 4. (London and New York: Academic Press)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Maher, R. M. (1966). Phenol for pain and spasticity. In Pain Harry Ford Hospital International Symposium. (New York: Little, Brown)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Lloyd, J. W. (1976). Practical regional analgesia. In Lee, J. A. and Bryce Smith, R. (eds.) Monograph in Anaesthesiology, p. 216. (New York: American Elsevier)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Raftery, H. (1977). Extradural injection of 5% aqueous solution of phenol for cervical pain. Presented at meeting of Intractable Pain Society of Great Britain

    Google Scholar 

  26. Maher, R. M. (1960). Further experience with intrathecal and subdural phenol. Observations on two forms of pain. Lancet, 1, 895

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Papo, I. and Visca, A. (1979). Phenol rhizotomy for the treatment of cancer pain—a personal account of 290 cases. In Bonica, J. J. and Ventafridda, V. (eds.) Advances in Pain Research and Therapy, Vol. 2, pp. 339–346 (New York: Raven Press)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Madrid, J. L. and Bonica, J. J. (1979). Cranial nerve blocks. In Bonica, J. J. and Ventafridda (eds.) Advances in Pain Research and Therapy, Vol. 2 pp. 347–355 (New York: Raven Press)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Swerdlow, M. (1979). Role of nerve blocks in pain involving the chest and brachial plexus. In Bonica, J. J. and Ventafridda, V. (eds.). Advances in Pain Research and Therapy, Vol. 2, pp. 567–576 (New York: Raven Press)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Moore, D. C. (1979). Role of nerve block and neurolytic solutions in visceral and perineal pain. In Bonica, J. J. and Ventafridda, V. (eds.) Advances in Pain Research and Therapy, Vol. 2, pp. 593–596 (New York: Raven Press)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Ventafridda, V. (1979). Neurolytic block in perineal pain. In Bonica, J. J. and Ventafridda, V. (eds.) Advances in Pain Research and Therapy, Vol. 2, p. 597. (New York: Raven Press)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Bonica, J. J. and Ventafridda, V. (eds.) (1979). Advances in Pain Research and Therapy, Vol. 2, pp. 597–603 (New York: Raven Press)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Hitchcock, E. R. (1967). Hypothermic subarachnoid irrigation. Lancet, 1, 434

    Google Scholar 

  34. Hitchcock, E. R. (1969). Osmolytic neurolysis for intractable facial pain. Lancet, 1, 434

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Collins, J. R., Juras, E. P. and van Hourten, R. J. (1969). Intrathecal cold saline solution. A new approach to pain. Anaesth. Analg., 48, 816

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Tsubokawa, T. (1969). Method for pain relief by injection of frozen physiological saline into the spinal subarachnoid space. Clinical results. Brain Nerve, Tokyo, 21, 693

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Savitz, M. H. and Malis, L. I. (1972). Intrathecal injection of isotonic iced saline for intractable pain. Mount Sinai J. Med., 34, 134

    Google Scholar 

  38. Jewett, D. L. and King, J. S. (1971). Conduction block of monkey dorsal rootlets by water and hypertonic solutions. Exp. Neurol., 33, 225

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Hitchcock, E. R. and Prandini, M. N. (1973). Hypertonic saline in the management of intractable pain. Lancet, 1, 310

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Lucas, J. T., Ducker, T. B. and Perot, P. L. (1975). Adverse reactions to intrathecal saline injection for control of pain. J. Neurosurg., 42, 557

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Lloyd, J. W., Hughes, J. T. and Davies-Jones, G. A. B. (1972). Relief of severe intractable pain by babotage of the cerebro-spinal fluid. Lancet, 1, 354

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Moricca, G. (1968). Progress in Anaesthesiology, In Proceedings of Fourth World Congress of Anaesthesiologists (Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Hayward, T. L., Atkins, H. T. B., Falconer, M. A., MacLean, K. S., Salman, L. F. W., Schurr, P. H. and Shaheen, C. H. (1970). Clinical trials comparing transfrontal hypophysectomy with adrenalectomy and transethmoidal hypophysectomy. In Joslin, C. A. F. and Gleave, E. N. (eds.) Clinical Management of Advanced Breast Cancer (Cardiff: Alpha Omega Alpha)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Moricca, G. (1974). Chemical hypophysectomy for cancer pain. In Bonica, J. J. (ed.) Advances in Neurology Vol. 4, p. 707. (New York: Raven Press)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Moricca, G. (1976). Neuroadenolysis (Chemical hypophysectomy) for diffuse unbearable cancer pain. In Bonica, J. J. and Albe-Fessard, D. (eds.) Advance in Pain Research and Therapy, Vol. 1, p. 863. (New York: Raven Press)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Miles, J. and Lipton, S. (1976). The mode of action by which pituitary alcohol injection relieves pain. In Bonica, J. J. and Albe-Fessard, D. (eds.) Advances in Pain Research, Vol. 1, pp. 867–869 (New York: Raven Press)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Sano, K. (1973). Presented at Symposium Sur la Doleur, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  48. Lipton, S. (1978). Pituitary injection of alcohol. In Control of Chronic Pain (Current topics in anaesthesia-2) pp. 104–107 (London: Edward Arnold)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Katz, J. and Levin, A. B. (1977). Treatment of diffuse metastatic cancer pain by instillation of alcohol into the Sella Turcica. Anaesthesiology, 46, 115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Madrid, J. L. (1979). Chemical hypophysectomy. In Bonica, J. J. and Ventafridda, V. (eds.) Advances in Pain Research and Therapy, Vol. 2, pp. 381–391 (New York: Raven Press)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Härtel, F. (1920) Die Lakalanestherie, p. 120 (Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Jefferson, A. (1963). Trigeminal root and ganglion injections using phenol in glycerine for the relief of trigeminal neuralgia. J. NeuroL Neurosurg. Psychiatr., 26, 345

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Mousel, L. H. (1967). Treatment of intractable pain of the head and neck. Anaesth. Analg., 46, 705

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Frothingham, R. E., Atchison, J. W. D. and Bailey, C. C. (1974). Treatment of facial pain by percutaneous injection of the gasserian ganglion. T.S.C. Med. Assoc., 70, 1960

    Google Scholar 

  55. Moore, D. C. (1979). Coeliac (spanchnic) plexus block with alcohol for cancer pain of upper intra abdominal viscera. In Bonica, J. J. and Ventafridda, V. (eds.) Advances in Pain Research and Therapy, Vol. 2, p. 357 (New York: Raven Press)

    Google Scholar 

  56. Gorbitz, C. and Leavens, M. E. (1971). Alcohol block of the coeliac plexus for control of upper abdominal pain caused by cancer and pancreatitis. J. Neurosurg., 34, 575

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Reid, W., Watt, J. K. and Gray, T. G. (1970). Phenol injection of the sympathetic chain. Br. J. Surgery, 57, 45

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Fife, T. and Quin, R. D. (1975). Phenol sympathectomy in the treatment of intermittent claudication: a controlled clinical trial. Br. J. Surg., 62, 68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  59. Hughes-Davies, D. I. and Rechman, L. R. (1976). Clinical lumber sympathectomy. Anaesthesia, 31, 1068

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Feldman, S. A. and Yeung, M. L. (1975). Treatment of intermittent claudication. Lumbar paravertebral somatic block with phenol. Anaesthesia, 30, 174

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Hannington-Kiff, J. G. (1974). Intravenous regional sympathetic block. In Hannington-Kiff, J. G. (ed.) Pain Relief, p. 69. (London: Heinemann Medical)

    Google Scholar 

  62. Carron, H. and Weiler, R. M. (1974). Treatment of post traumatic sympathetic dsytrophy. In Bonica, J. J. (ed.) Advances in Neurology 4, pp. 485–490, (New York: Raven Press)

    Google Scholar 

  63. Hughes, J. T. (1970). Thrombosis of posterior spinal artery. Neurology, 20, 659

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Superville-Savak, B., Rasmusky, M. and Finlayson, M. H. (1975). Complications of phenol neurolyses. Arch. Neurol., 32, 226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  65. Holland, A. J. C. and Yousef, M. (1978). A complication of subarachnoid phenol blockade. Anaesthesia, 34, 260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. Totoki, T., Kato, T., Nomoto, Y., Kurakazu, M. and Kamasahi, T. (1979). Anterior spinal syndrome as a complication of cervical intrathecal injection. Pain, 6, 99

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Warr, A. C., Wilkinson, J. A., Burn, J. M. B. and Langdon, L. (1972). Chronic lumbosacral syndrome treated by epidural injection and manipulation. Practitioner, 209, 53

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Winnie, A. P. and Ramamurthy, S. (1976). Steroid for discogenic pain. In Proc. VI World Congress of Anaesthesiology. Abstract. (New York: American Elsevier)

    Google Scholar 

  69. Winnie, A. P. and Collins, V. J. (1968). The pain clinic I: Differential neural blockade in pain syndromes of questionable etiology. Med. Clin. N. Am., 52, 1968

    Google Scholar 

  70. Winnie, A. P., Hartman, J. T. and Meyers, H. L., jun. (1972). The pain clinic II: Intradural and extradural corticosteroids for sciatica. Anaesth. Analg. (Cleve), 51, 990

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Forrest, J. B. (1978). Management of chronic dorsal root pain with epidural steroid. Canad. Anesth. Soc. J., 25, 218

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  72. James, C. D. T. and Little, T. F. (1976). A simplified technique for the relief of intractable osteoarthritic pain. Anaesthesia, 31, 1060

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Bourne, I. H. J. (1979). Treatment of backache with local injection. Practitioner, 222, 708

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Winnie, A. P., Ramamurthy, S. and Durravi, Z. (1974). Diagnostic and therapeutic nerve blocks. Recent advances in techniques. In Bonica, J. J. (ed.) Advances in Neurology, Vol. 4, pp. 455–460 (New York: Raven Press)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1981 MTP Press Limited

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Brown, A.S. (1981). Current views on the use of nerve blocking in the relief of chronic pain. In: Swerdlow, M. (eds) The Therapy of Pain. Current Status of Modern Therapy, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9879-3_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9879-3_5

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-9881-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-010-9879-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics